International Background Defence & Security Polity & Governance

Chapter VII of the UN Charter lets the Security Council impose measures short of force under Article 41 and use force under Article 42

Chapter VII of the UN Charter is titled Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression (Articles 39-51).
Under Article 39 the Security Council determines the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression, and decides what measures shall be taken.
Article 41 covers measures not involving the use of armed force, which may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and the severance of diplomatic relations.
Article 42 allows action by air, sea, or land forces if the measures in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate.
Article 47 establishes a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on its military requirements.
Article 51 preserves the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security; measures taken in self-defence must be immediately reported to the Security Council.

Chapter VII articles: Articles 39-51 Measures not involving armed force: Article 41 Action by air, sea or land forces: Article 42 Self-defence: Article 51
Why it matters for exams: Exams ask which Charter articles cover sanctions, force and self-defence, and the difference between recommending and deciding measures.
Kerala PSCUPSC
13 October 2026 Source: United Nations - UN Charter, Chapter VII Updated 14 October 2026

In plain words

Article 41 Measures not involving the use of armed force — May include interruption of economic relations and severance of diplomatic relations.

Military Staff Committee Committee under Article 47 — Advises and assists the Security Council on its military requirements.