Core, buffer and the 20 per cent rule: the second of Kerala's two tiger reserves

Background

Tiger reserves are sanctuaries established to conserve the tiger, Panthera tigris, and they aim at the well-being of tigers and their prey base while also considering the needs of local communities.
The Kerala Forest Department says Kerala is home to two tiger reserves, Periyar and Parambikulam.
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve has a core area of 390.89 sq km and a buffer area of 252.77 sq km, a total of 643.66 sq km.
Tiger reserves rest on the Wildlife (Protection) Act, which was amended to set up the National Tiger Conservation Authority and to empower States to notify tiger reserves.
Under the Authority's tourism guidelines, only designated areas within the buffer zone, not exceeding 20% of the total area, are permitted for tourism.
Jeep safaris, nature walks and bird watching are encouraged, while activities causing noise, pollution or disruption to wildlife are strictly prohibited.