Country Focus Background Defence & Security

France among the Security Council's five permanent members and NATO's founding twelve

The United Nations Security Council's page on its current members states that the Council is composed of 15 Members: five permanent members, namely China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly. The same page notes that more than 50 United Nations Member States have never been Members of the Security Council. France is also an original member of the Atlantic Alliance. NATO records that on 4 April 1949 the Foreign Ministers from 12 countries signed the North Atlantic Treaty, also known as the Washington Treaty, and that NATO's founding member countries were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. At present, NATO has 32 member countries.

Members of the UN Security Council: 15 Members Permanent members of the Security Council: Five permanent members Term of the non-permanent members: two-year terms Signatories of the North Atlantic Treaty: 12 countries NATO member countries at present: 32 member countries
Why it matters for exams: The five permanent members and the founding membership of NATO are among the most repeated international organisation questions, and the two together explain why France sits at the top table of both bodies.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
2 October 2026 Source: United Nations Security Council Updated 10 October 2026

In plain words

Non-permanent member Non-permanent member of the UN Security Council — One of the ten Council seats filled by election in the General Assembly for a term of two years.

Washington Treaty North Atlantic Treaty — The founding treaty of NATO, signed by the foreign ministers of twelve countries in Washington, D.C.