Country Focus 8 of 12
Country Focus Geography Environment & Climate

Pakistan lies to the north-west of India, with China, Afghanistan and Iran as its other neighbours and the Arabian Sea to the south

The Commonwealth's country profile places Pakistan to the north-west of India.
Its other neighbours are China, Afghanistan and Iran.
It borders the Arabian Sea to the south, so the country has a sea coast.
The profile describes vast mountain ranges in the north, an area of desert in the west and the Indus River plain in the centre.
The east is fertile and has many lakes.
The profile gives the area as 882,000 square kilometres and the capital city as Islamabad.

Other neighbours named in the profile: China, Afghanistan and Iran Sea to the south: Arabian Sea Central plain: the Indus River plain in the centre Area: 882,000 square kilometres Capital city: Islamabad
Why it matters for exams: Neighbours, the sea to the south and the central river plain are the standard map questions on Pakistan in Kerala PSC and UPSC prelims.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
6 October 2026 Source: The Commonwealth - Pakistan country profile Updated 30 October 2026

In plain words

Indus River plain — The broad lowland built by the Indus and its tributaries, occupying the centre of Pakistan.

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