Republic of China: the formal name behind the ministries that issue Taiwan's releases
Background
Every ministry release quoted from Taipei carries the words Republic of China, and this is why.
The Republic of China was founded in 1912 in China, when Taiwan was under Japanese colonial rule.
Taiwan had been ceded to Japan by the Qing dynasty under the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki.
After Japan surrendered at the end of the Second World War, it handed Taiwan and Penghu to the Republic of China.
In 1949 the government relocated to Taiwan while fighting a civil war with the Chinese Communist Party, and around 1.2 million people moved with it.
The constitution was promulgated on January 1, 1947 and has been revised in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2005.
In plain words
Treaty of Shimonoseki Treaty of Shimonoseki — The treaty by which the Qing dynasty ceded Taiwan to Japan.
Republic of China Republic of China — The formal name of the state whose government administers Taiwan.