Country Focus 4 of 11
Country Focus Economy Economy & Banking Reports & Indices

Spanish business confidence falls 1.8 per cent for the fourth quarter

Spain's National Statistics Institute reported that the Harmonised Business Confidence Index fell 1.8 per cent for the fourth quarter of 2026 compared with the third quarter, after a rise of 3.2 per cent in the previous quarter. For the fourth quarter, 20.5 per cent of managers expected a favourable quarter and 14.8 per cent an unfavourable one, a balance of plus 5.7 points. Looking back at the third quarter, 21.1 per cent rated it favourable and 15.5 per cent unfavourable, a balance of plus 5.6 points. Confidence fell in all five sectors studied, with Trade down 3.3 per cent and Other services down 0.9 per cent. Among the autonomous communities, confidence fell in 15 and rose in 2. Murcia fell most at 5.1 per cent, while the Canary Islands rose 2.3 per cent and Galicia 0.5 per cent.

Index change: down 1.8 per cent Balance of expectations: plus 5.7 points Largest sector fall: Trade, down 3.3 per cent Only gains: Canary Islands 2.3 per cent, Galicia 0.5 per cent
Why it matters for exams: Sentiment indices and their balance-of-expectations method are commonly tested in banking and economy papers.
UPSCBank

In plain words

Harmonised Business Confidence Index Harmonised Business Confidence Index — An index built from managers' own ratings of the quarter just ended and the one ahead.

On a phone, swipe left or right to move between stories.