Srinagar, Jammu and the Jhelum: the twin capitals and the waters of Jammu and Kashmir

Background

District Srinagar is the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir (UT). It is situated in the centre of the Kashmir Valley on the banks of the Jhelum River and is surrounded by four districts and Ladakh UT. The capital city of Srinagar is located 1585 meters above sea level.
The city is located on both the sides of the Jhelum River, which is called Vyath in Kashmir. The river passes through the city and meanders through the valley, deepening in the Dal Lake. The city is famous for its nine old bridges, connecting the two parts of the city, and for its gardens, lakes and houseboats.
Hokersar is a wetland situated near Srinagar, 14 km (8.7 mi) north of the city, spread over 13.75 km2 (5.31 sq mi) including lake and marshy area. Migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia use wetlands in Kashmir as their transitory camps between September and October and again around spring. Kashmir's other wetlands include Hygam, Shalibug and Mirgund.
The winter capital, Jammu, stands on the Shivalik Range, overlooking the northern plains; the old city was founded on the right bank of the River Tawi and the city has come to be known as the 'City Of Temples'.
The Pir Panchal Range separates Budgam district in the valley from Poonch district on its southwest side.
The Jhelum is one of the three rivers that the Indus Waters Treaty groups as the Western Rivers, the other two being the Indus and the Chenab; the Eastern Rivers under the same Treaty are the Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.