Country Focus 9 of 12
Country Focus Geography Environment & Climate

Syria on the map: five neighbours, a Mediterranean coast and the Euphrates

Syria is a country located on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea in southwestern Asia, and its capital is Damascus.
Its neighbouring countries are Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon.
Turkey lies on its northern border and Iraq on its east; Jordan and Israel lie to the south, and Lebanon together with the Mediterranean Sea to its west.
Key physical features include the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, Mount Hermon, the Euphrates River, Lake Al-Asad and the Orontes River.
The Euphrates River and the Orontes River are the two rivers named among those key features.
Lake Al-Asad is the large inland water body marked on physical maps of the country.

Capital: Damascus Sea on the west: Mediterranean Sea Neighbouring countries: Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon Major rivers: Euphrates, Orontes
Why it matters for exams: Map-based questions on West Asia regularly ask which countries border Syria and which rivers cross it.
Kerala PSCUPSC
15 October 2026 Source: Britannica

In plain words

Anti-Lebanon Mountains — A mountain range running along the border between Syria and Lebanon, east of the Lebanon range.

Orontes River — A river of western Syria that flows northwards through the country's coastal valley.

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