Ten years in force: the 55-and-55 rule that brought the Paris Agreement to life

Background

The Paris Agreement came into force on 4 November 2016, less than a year after COP21 adopted it in Paris on 12 December 2015.
Article 21 set a double test: it would start 30 days after at least 55 Parties to the UNFCCC, together responsible for an estimated 55 per cent or more of global greenhouse gas emissions, had ratified it.
The UN Secretary-General is the depositary, and the treaty opened for signature at UN Headquarters in New York on 22 April 2016.
India signed on that first day and ratified on 2 October 2016.
The UN treaty record now lists 194 Parties, made up of 193 countries and the European Union.
Its core aim is to keep warming well below 2°C and to try for 1.5°C; UNFCCC Parties meet for COP31 in Antalya, Türkiye, from 9 to 20 November.