13 October 2026
The Council of the EU adopted additional restrictive measures on 12 October 2026 against 1569 individuals and entities in Russia's military and industrial complex.
The agreed listings include 826 Russian companies and 743 individuals serving as CEOs of these companies.
The package brings the total number of listings under the sanctions regime supporting Ukraine's territorial integrity to close to 4600.
The listed companies generate an annual turnover of at least €20 billion and employ more than 250 000 people.
Listed persons face an asset freeze, and listed individuals also face an EU travel ban.
High Representative Kaja Kallas said over half of the listings address the production chain for the ballistic missiles Russia uses against Ukrainian civilians.
New listings:
1569
Russian companies listed:
826
CEOs listed:
743
Total listings under the regime:
close to 4600
Why it matters for exams: Exams ask which EU body adopts sanctions, what an asset freeze and a travel ban are, and how large the Ukraine sanctions regime has grown.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Asset freeze Freezing of funds and economic resources — Funds of listed persons are frozen and nobody may make funds or economic resources available to them.
CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy — The EU foreign-policy framework under which Council Decisions on sanctions are adopted.
13 October 2026
On 12 October 2026 an unexploded munition detonated during a school hike in the Ramim Ridge area of northern Israel, near the Lebanon border.
The group was from the ORT Ma'alot school, and Magen David Adom reported that a 14-year-old boy was pronounced dead at the scene.
Magen David Adom reported two boys in serious condition, ten people in moderate condition and twelve with light injuries.
The IDF said the device was likely a cluster bomb belonging to Hezbollah that had been left in the area; it had earlier assessed it as a cluster submunition from a Hezbollah rocket.
Police Commissioner Danny Levy said he would issue an order limiting further hikes in the area for several days, until it is confirmed clear of additional ordnance.
The Prime Minister's Office said Netanyahu told the IDF Home Front Command to reiterate public warnings about ordnance.
The Jerusalem Post reported that the IDF declared the incident a mass-casualty event and that students and staff of the ORT Ma'alot Yeshiva High School were among the victims, according to the municipality.
Date:
12 October 2026
Place:
Ramim Ridge, northern Israel
School:
ORT Ma'alot
Dead (per Magen David Adom):
One 14-year-old boy
Why it matters for exams: Israel-Lebanon border security and Hezbollah are recurring West Asia current-affairs themes.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Magen David Adom Israel's national emergency medical service — It reported the casualty figures at the scene.
Hezbollah an armed group and political party in Lebanon — The IDF said the device was likely a Hezbollah cluster bomb.
Home Front Command the IDF branch handling civilian protection — It issues public warnings during emergencies.
13 October 2026
The UN Security Council met on Colombia on 12 October 2026, where the UK Permanent Representative, Dame Sarah MacIntosh, delivered a statement.
She said thirteen peace signatories have been killed so far in 2026.
She said more than 11,000 former combatants remain demobilized, enrolled in reintegration programs and committed to the Peace Agreement.
As the Agreement approaches its 10th anniversary, she said the next five years, the final five years, will be critical.
She called the UN Verification Mission an essential tool for sustaining peace in Colombia.
The UK said it looks forward to presenting a draft resolution to the Council which would renew the mandate of the Mission.
Meeting date:
12 October 2026
Peace signatories killed in 2026:
thirteen
Former combatants still committed:
more than 11,000
Peace Agreement:
approaching its 10th anniversary
Why it matters for exams: UN Security Council meetings, UN missions and peace agreements such as Colombia's are standard world-affairs topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
UN Verification Mission UN Verification Mission in Colombia — The UN mission whose mandate the UK plans to renew through a draft resolution.
Demobilization Disarming and standing down armed fighters — Here, former combatants who have left armed groups and joined reintegration programs.
13 October 2026
On 12 October 2026 the Foreign Ministers of 34 countries - Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States - and the High Representative of the European Union issued a joint statement on Iran, published by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office as regarding RAF Fairford and Iran state threats.
They condemn in the strongest terms Iran's use of violent attacks, including acts of lethal plotting, arson, sabotage, cyber-attacks and other hybrid activities.
They recognise the United Kingdom's attribution of Iran's involvement in the incident at RAF Fairford on 27 September.
The UK has also concluded the incident demonstrates the IRGC's continued willingness to project hostile activity beyond its borders through covert networks and proxy actors.
The statement follows a recent campaign of attacks across Europe targeting Jewish communities, Iranian journalists and U.S. interests, claimed by Harakat Ashab al-Yamin al-Islamiya (HAYI).
Iran has denied any responsibility for the Fairford incident; its ambassador to the UK told UK officials on 12 October that Tehran "categorically rejected" the allegations and is willing to cooperate with the investigation, according to Al Jazeera.
Statement date:
12 October 2026
Incident cited:
RAF Fairford, 27 September
Group claiming recent attacks:
HAYI
Published by:
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
Why it matters for exams: Joint statements by groups of states, and names such as the IRGC, are typical world-affairs and security questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IRGC Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — An Iranian force the UK says projects hostile activity abroad through covert networks and proxy actors.
HAYI Harakat Ashab al-Yamin al-Islamiya — The group that claimed the recent campaign of attacks across Europe named in the statement.
13 October 2026
US President Donald Trump said on Sunday 11 October 2026 that Russia and Ukraine had agreed to stop attacks on each other's energy infrastructure.
His social media post read: "Effective immediately, there is an energy ceasefire in the war between Russia and Ukraine. Both parties have agreed. Do not break it."
He provided no details on its duration, how it would be enforced or which sites would be covered.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy told Axios he was not aware of any ceasefire and that the announcement was news to him, but that if Russia agrees to an energy ceasefire, Ukraine will agree.
On 12 October Trump repeated that both sides had agreed. Zelenskyy said Ukraine supports an energy ceasefire and that Russian forces had struck at least six Ukrainian energy facilities since the announcement.
Al Jazeera reported that Russia has rejected any pause in fighting; Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said of Zelenskyy: "I do not think he deserves a respite."
Zelenskyy also offered to organise elections if Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed to a 60-day halt in fighting.
EU chief Ursula von der Leyen backed Zelenskyy's call for a ceasefire that would protect global food supplies and energy infrastructure in Ukraine and Russia.
Announced:
Sunday 11 October 2026
Announced by:
US President Donald Trump
Zelenskyy's election offer:
against a 60-day halt in fighting
Duration and enforcement:
not specified
Russia's response:
Rejected any pause in fighting, per Al Jazeera (13 October)
Why it matters for exams: Ceasefire announcements in the Russia-Ukraine war, and who announced and who confirmed them, are recurring world-affairs questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Energy ceasefire Halt on attacks on energy infrastructure — A limited truce covering power and fuel facilities rather than the whole front.
Axios US news outlet — The outlet that interviewed Zelenskyy about the announcement.
13 October 2026
Authorities in Pakistan announced a state of emergency in the north-western province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on Sunday 11 October 2026.
It was invoked on Sunday under Articles 232 and 234 of the Constitution, which deal with security, and effectively suspends the provincial government run by Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
President Asif Ali Zardari approved the recommendations of the cabinet, which met under Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif.
The Prime Minister's office cited the provincial government's "deliberate disengagement from the fight against terrorism".
Law Minister Azam Nazeer Tarar said the provincial governor will take charge with an advisory council, initially for six months.
PTI lawmaker Junaid Akbar said Chief Minister Sohail Afridi was arrested along with the party's president in the province; PTI spokesperson Zulfikar Bukhari called the move "more of a coup disguised as emergency".
Date announced:
Sunday 11 October 2026
Province:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Initial duration:
six months
Province administered by:
Governor with an advisory council
Why it matters for exams: Exams ask about changes of government and emergency provisions in neighbouring and world countries, and how a federal state treats a provincial government.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
PTI Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf — The party of jailed former Prime Minister Imran Khan, which runs the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government.
State of emergency Constitutional emergency provisions — Here invoked under Articles 232 and 234 of Pakistan's Constitution, which deal with security.
13 October 2026
On Tuesday, 13 October 2026, the Supreme Court asked the Delhi government to obtain inputs from the Intelligence Bureau (IB) on whether Jagtar Singh Hawara can be transferred from Tihar Jail in Delhi to a prison in Punjab. Hawara is serving a life sentence after being convicted in the 1995 assassination of former Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh. A bench of Justice MM Sundresh and Justice Prasanna B Varale heard his plea, filed primarily to enable him to meet his elderly mother. Additional Solicitor General Aishwarya Bhati, for the Delhi government, told the Court that a decision of this kind cannot be taken without IB inputs, relying on a Ministry of Home Affairs advisory on the transfer of high-risk prisoners between states, which provides for consultation with intelligence agencies; the Punjab government has filed an affidavit opposing the transfer. The Court said it would consider the request after the IB's assessment of the security and law-and-order implications, noting the Punjab government's objections. Senior Advocate Colin Gonsalves appeared for Hawara. The matter will be heard next on 3 November.
Convict:
Jagtar Singh Hawara
Case:
1995 assassination of former Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh
Present prison:
Tihar Jail, Delhi
Bench:
Justice MM Sundresh and Justice PB Varale
Why it matters for exams: Prisoner transfers between states, the role of the Intelligence Bureau and the Supreme Court's approach to security concerns are current-affairs and polity material.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IB Intelligence Bureau — The agency whose inputs on the security and law-and-order effects of the transfer the Delhi government was asked to obtain.
ASG Additional Solicitor General — A senior law officer of the Union who appeared for the Delhi government.
13 October 2026
The Indian Navy is set to commission Samarthak at Naval Base, Karwar on 16 October 2026. Built by Larsen and Toubro Ltd under the Make in India initiative, she is the first of four Multi-Purpose Vessels being inducted into the Navy. Designed primarily for maritime surveillance and patrol, she can also undertake Low Intensity Maritime Operations, serve as a target deployment and trials platform and as an unmanned or autonomous system mothership. She is also capable of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief and of conversion to a limited hospital ship. Her integrated combat suite combines indigenous sensors, weapons and electronic systems. Her crest shows an Indian elephant emerging from the waves, and her motto is 'Victory is Our Sole Aim'.
Commissioning date:
16 October 2026
Place:
Naval Base, Karwar
Builder:
Larsen and Toubro Ltd
Position in class:
First of four Multi-Purpose Vessels
Why it matters for exams: New inductions into the Navy, the shipyard that built them and the base where they are commissioned are routine defence questions.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
LIMO Low Intensity Maritime Operations — One of the secondary roles listed for Samarthak.
HADR Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief — Relief missions the vessel can also undertake.
13 October 2026
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh held bilateral talks in New Delhi on 13 October 2026 with Karel Havlíček, 1st Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Industry and Trade of Czech Republic. The two leaders reviewed the entire spectrum of defence industrial cooperation between the two countries. They welcomed the ongoing collaboration and the successful establishment of various joint ventures. They agreed to expand the cooperation further, including under the India-Czech Joint Defence Committee, to promote 'Make-in-India' and 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat'. Havlíček is on a four-day visit to India and is scheduled to visit industries in Bengaluru and Mumbai.
Visiting leader:
Karel Havlíček, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
Length of visit:
Four days
Cooperation forum:
India-Czech Joint Defence Committee
Cities on itinerary:
Bengaluru and Mumbai
Why it matters for exams: Bilateral defence ties and the institutions that carry them (such as joint committees) appear in current-affairs and international-relations questions.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Joint Defence Committee India-Czech Joint Defence Committee — The bilateral forum under which the two sides agreed to take defence industrial cooperation forward.
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Self-reliant India — The national self-reliance campaign cited as a goal of the cooperation.
13 October 2026
Union Home Minister Amit Shah chaired the first meeting of BIMSTEC Home Ministers in New Delhi on 13 October 2026. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand took part, and the Union Home Secretary led the senior officials' meeting. The ministers approved the BIMSTEC Convention against Trafficking in Persons and the BIMSTEC Plan of Action on Drug Control. They also approved an MoU on capacity building to combat money laundering and terror financing, a Plan of Action on Illicit Financial Flows, and a Plan of Action on natural disaster preparedness in the Bay of Bengal region. The meeting adopted the Delhi Declaration on security cooperation under BIMSTEC. Shah said a BIMSTEC Disaster Management Centre is planned at Jamnagar, Gujarat.
Chair:
Union Home Minister Amit Shah
Venue:
New Delhi
Declaration adopted:
Delhi Declaration
Planned BIMSTEC Disaster Management Centre:
Jamnagar, Gujarat
Why it matters for exams: Regional groupings, their first-ever ministerial meetings and the places named in them are favourite questions in GK and international-relations sections.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation — A regional grouping of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
MoU Memorandum of Understanding — A written understanding between parties, here on training and cooperation against financial crime.
13 October 2026
The Indian Navy will commission the indigenous multi-purpose vessel Samarthak at Naval Base Karwar on 16 October 2026. The ship is built by Larsen and Toubro Ltd under the Make in India initiative. It is the first of four Multi-Purpose Vessels being inducted into the Navy. Its roles include maritime surveillance and patrol, low-intensity maritime operations, target deployment and trials, serving as a mothership for unmanned and autonomous systems, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, limited conversion to a hospital ship, and salvage operations. Its integrated combat suite combines indigenous sensors, weapons and electronic systems.
Vessel:
Samarthak
Builder:
Larsen and Toubro Ltd
Position in class:
First of 4 Multi-Purpose Vessels
Commissioning:
Naval Base Karwar, 16 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: Indigenous naval inductions and the Make in India defence push are frequent questions in defence and current-affairs papers.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
HADR Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief — Relief missions that navies carry out after disasters.
13 October 2026
India hosted the first BIMSTEC Home Ministers' meeting in New Delhi on 13 October 2026, chaired by Union Home Minister Amit Shah. Delegations from all seven members attended: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The ministers approved a BIMSTEC Convention against Trafficking in Persons, a Plan of Action on Drug Control, an MoU on capacity building to combat money laundering and terror financing, a Plan of Action on Illicit Financial Flows and a plan on natural-disaster preparedness in the Bay of Bengal region. The meeting adopted the Delhi Declaration on security cooperation. Shah urged members to help make operational the BIMSTEC Disaster Management Centre planned at Jamnagar, Gujarat.
Meeting:
First BIMSTEC Home Ministers' meeting
Chair:
Amit Shah
Members present:
7
Declaration adopted:
Delhi Declaration
Why it matters for exams: Regional groupings such as BIMSTEC and India's role in them are staple questions in both Kerala PSC and UPSC papers.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation — A seven-member grouping of countries around the Bay of Bengal.
13 October 2026
The Front for the Refoundation of the Nation (FRN) was unveiled on Monday at Kabila's residence in Goma, eastern DR Congo.
It says it will coordinate "resistance forces" against the government of President Felix Tshisekedi, "by all means, including force".
M23 leader Sultani Makenga is one of Kabila's four deputies; the other three also come from the AFC-M23 alliance.
Kabila ruled from 2001 to January 2019 and was sentenced to death in absentia for treason last year.
M23 has controlled Goma since early 2025.
Government and M23 representatives were expected to meet in Qatar in November for talks, which analysts say the new coalition could undermine.
The BBC reports that the Congolese government has not commented.
New coalition:
Front for the Refoundation of the Nation (FRN)
Kabila's rule:
2001 to January 2019
Launched:
Monday 12 October 2026, Goma
Why it matters for exams: African conflicts and the eastern Congo crisis feature in world-affairs sections.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
M23 March 23 Movement — An armed group that controls Goma and large areas of eastern DR Congo.
In absentia In the absence of the accused — A trial or sentence held without the person being present.
13 October 2026
Two merchant ships were struck by drones in Bulgaria's Black Sea exclusive economic zone, and the HS Dignity, flagged in Guinea-Bissau, sank 17 nautical miles east of Krapets.
Six of its crew were rescued and 10 are missing, Defence Minister Dimitar Stoyanov said.
The Maltese-flagged, Ukrainian-owned Chelsea-3 was hit about 18 nautical miles off Byala and all 15 crew were rescued.
Prime Minister Rumen Radev summoned Russia's ambassador Eleonora Mitrofanova; he said there was no conclusive evidence of blame on either side but that the outcome benefits Russia.
Bulgarian media quoted Mitrofanova as telling Radev she had no information from Russia's defence ministry on the attacks.
NATO chief Mark Rutte said the alliance would adjust its deterrence posture as needed.
The attacks came a week after two other ships were hit in the same zone, when the Alfa Watan sank.
Ship that sank:
HS Dignity (Guinea-Bissau flag)
Crew missing:
10
Crew of Chelsea-3 rescued:
15
Why it matters for exams: Black Sea security, NATO's Article 5 and exclusive economic zones are linked topics in international-affairs papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Exclusive economic zone EEZ — Sea area up to 200 nautical miles where a coastal state has rights over resources.
Article 5 Collective defence clause of the NATO treaty — An armed attack on one NATO member is treated as an attack on all.
13 October 2026
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh held a bilateral meeting in New Delhi on 13 October 2026 with Karel Havlíček, 1st Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic.
They reviewed the entire spectrum of defence industrial cooperation between the two countries.
Both sides agreed to expand cooperation, including under the India-Czech Joint Defence Committee, to promote Make-in-India and Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
They welcomed the successful establishment of various joint ventures.
Mr Havlíček is on a four-day visit to India and will visit industries in Bengaluru and Mumbai.
Visiting leader:
Karel Havlíček
Forum:
India-Czech Joint Defence Committee
Length of visit:
Four days
Why it matters for exams: Bilateral defence engagements and the bodies that anchor them, such as joint committees, are asked in international-relations and defence sections.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Joint Defence Committee India-Czech Joint Defence Committee — The bilateral forum that oversees defence cooperation between the two countries.
13 October 2026
The Indian Navy is set to commission Samarthak at Naval Base, Karwar on 16 October 2026.
It is built by Larsen and Toubro Ltd under the Make in India initiative.
Samarthak is the first of four Multi-Purpose Vessels being inducted into the Navy.
She is designed primarily for maritime surveillance and patrol, and can also support Low Intensity Maritime Operations and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief.
She can serve as a target deployment and trials platform and as a mothership for unmanned and autonomous systems.
Her motto is 'Vijayartham Ekanishtata', meaning 'Victory is Our Sole Aim'.
Commissioning:
Naval Base, Karwar, 16 October 2026
Builder:
Larsen and Toubro Ltd
Series:
First of four Multi-Purpose Vessels
Why it matters for exams: Naval inductions, builders and the Make in India defence push are routine defence questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
LIMO Low Intensity Maritime Operations — Maritime tasks short of full-scale naval combat, such as patrol and interdiction.
HADR Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief — Armed forces' role in relief during disasters and humanitarian crises.
13 October 2026
Union Home Minister Amit Shah chaired the first meeting of BIMSTEC Home Ministers in New Delhi on 13 October 2026.
The seven member states are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
The ministers approved a BIMSTEC Convention against Trafficking in Persons and a BIMSTEC Plan of Action on Drug Control.
They also approved an MoU on capacity building to combat money laundering and terror financing, and a Plan of Action on Illicit Financial Flows.
Mr Shah said the proposed BIMSTEC Disaster Management Centre is planned to be established in Jamnagar, Gujarat.
The Home Ministers' mechanism was welcomed at the 6th BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok on 4 April 2025.
Venue:
New Delhi
Member states:
7
Proposed Disaster Management Centre:
Jamnagar, Gujarat
Why it matters for exams: Regional groupings, their members and India-hosted ministerial meetings are staple questions in UPSC and Kerala PSC papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation — A seven-nation regional grouping around the Bay of Bengal.
Illicit financial flows Illicit financial flows — Money moved across borders in breach of law, such as proceeds of crime.
12 October 2026
On Monday night, 12 October 2026, the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen said its forces intercepted a ballistic missile fired by the Houthis towards Riyadh. Coalition spokesman Maj. Gen. Turki Al-Maliki announced the interception on X. Shortly after midnight, the coalition said it had intercepted and destroyed two ballistic missiles fired towards Khamis Mushayt, a city in south-western Saudi Arabia. Residents of Riyadh heard several explosions after a text warning of an aerial threat. Al Jazeera described it as the third day in a row that a Houthi missile attack targeted the Saudi capital. Operations at King Khalid International Airport remained suspended on Monday.
Missiles at Riyadh intercepted:
1 ballistic missile
Missiles at Khamis Mushayt intercepted:
2 ballistic missiles
Coalition spokesman:
Maj. Gen. Turki Al-Maliki
Why it matters for exams: Khamis Mushayt in Asir and Riyadh are frequent targets; the episode shows how the Yemen war has spread to Saudi cities.
Kerala PSCUPSC
12 October 2026
Saudi Arabia's General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) announced on Monday, 12 October 2026, that the suspension of operations at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh has been extended while safety inspections continue. GACA did not say when operations would resume. On Sunday, 11 October, an unidentified projectile struck Terminal 4 of the airport, the Coalition to Support Legitimacy in Yemen said; GACA said the attack killed a Pakistani resident and injured 11 others. The coalition also said Saudi air defences intercepted and destroyed a cruise missile near the airport. The Sunday strike came a day after a Houthi attack on the same airport on Saturday killed 12 people and injured 309, according to GACA. Arab News described the Sunday strike as the fourth attack on the airport in five days.
Airport:
King Khalid International Airport, Riyadh
Sunday attack:
1 killed, 11 injured
Saturday attack (GACA):
12 killed, 309 injured
Terminal hit on Sunday:
Terminal 4
Why it matters for exams: Riyadh's main airport and the Houthi strikes on Saudi Arabia are central to the Gulf security situation that examiners follow.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
GACA General Authority of Civil Aviation — Saudi Arabia's civil aviation regulator, which announces airport closures and casualty figures.
12 October 2026
North Korea fired several ballistic missiles from the Pyongyang area towards the East Sea (Sea of Japan) on Monday, 12 October 2026, South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) said. The JCS said one missile flew more than 900 km. Japan's Deputy Defence Minister Takashi Koyari said at least two were launched 17 minutes apart and both landed outside Japan's exclusive economic zone. He said the second followed an irregular flight path and may have been a hypersonic weapon. South Korea's presidential office said the launches violate UN Security Council resolutions. North Korea had test-fired an intermediate-range ballistic missile on 3 October.
Launch area:
Pyongyang area
Longest flight:
More than 900 km
Interval between launches:
17 minutes
Why it matters for exams: Korean peninsula security, the East Sea and UN sanctions on North Korea are recurring world affairs topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff — South Korea's top military command body.
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone — Sea area up to 200 nautical miles from a coast where a state has rights over resources.