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International Science and Technology Science & Technology

Atomic time, solar time and the two clocks the world has to reconcile

This is in the news this week because the General Conference on Weights and Measures has just voted to abolish the leap second.
The world runs on two different ideas of time.
Universal Coordinated Time is generated by atomic clocks, which keep an extremely steady beat.
Solar time follows the rotation of the Earth, which is irregular and does not keep a steady beat.
Because the two drift apart, a correction was needed, and until now that correction was the leap second, inserted roughly once every one and a half years.
The replacement correction is the leap hour, to be inserted only when the two measures of time are 3,600 seconds apart.

Basis of Universal Coordinated Time: atomic clocks Basis of solar time: the Earth's rotation Size of a leap hour: 3,600 seconds
Why it matters for exams: Questions ask what makes atomic time differ from solar time, and this is the concept behind every leap second and leap hour question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
16 October 2026 Source: Nature

In plain words

Metrology Metrology — The science of measurement, including the definition and realisation of units such as the second.

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