State Focus 12 of 14
State Focus Assam Economy Agriculture & Rural

Background: the hydropower and bio-ethanol projects behind Assam's energy and farm push

The Brahmaputra works that tie Assam's river transport to its highways are part of a much larger package of projects in the state, valued at about 19,480 crore rupees in all. Among the named items is the Lower Kopili Hydropower Project, counted as renewable energy, and the completed upgradation of the Numaligarh to Siliguri pipeline. A second generation bio-ethanol plant at Golaghat is described as the first of its kind in the world. Modern cruise terminals at Nimati Ghat and Bishwanath Ghat are recorded as having begun work. On the farm side, about 19 lakh Assam farmers have received close to 8,000 crore rupees under PM Kisan Samman Nidhi so far, out of more than 4.25 lakh crore rupees paid nationally. The package also refers to gas pipeline investment, refinery expansion and railway electrification in the state. The Golaghat plant and the Lower Kopili project are the two names most likely to be asked.

Total value of the package: about Rs 19,480 crore Assam farmers paid under PM Kisan: about 19 lakh, nearly Rs 8,000 crore Site of the 2G bio-ethanol plant: Golaghat
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are that the Lower Kopili Hydropower Project is in Assam, that the second generation bio-ethanol plant is at Golaghat, and that PM Kisan Samman Nidhi is the central scheme under which about 19 lakh Assam farmers have been paid.
Kerala PSCUPSC
3 October 2026 Source: Press Information Bureau

In plain words

PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi — A central scheme that pays income support directly to eligible farmers.

2G bio-ethanol Second generation bio-ethanol — Ethanol made from crop residue and other non food plant material rather than from food grain.

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