India has built three permanent Antarctic research stations: Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri and Bharati

Background

The Indian Antarctic programme began in 1981 and has built three permanent research base stations: Dakshin Gangotri (1983), Maitri (1988) and Bharati (2012).
Dakshin Gangotri was set up over the ice shelf in the Central Dronning Maud Land region and was abandoned in 1990 as it got buried under snow.
Maitri stands in the Schirmacher Oasis of East Antarctica and has operated since 1988.
Bharati, operational since March 2012, is located in the Larsemann Hills.
The National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, manages the entire Indian Antarctic programme.