24 October 2026
The Kerala High Court has held that the State cannot avoid liability for harm caused by wild animals merely because it does not own or control them. Justice Mohammed Nias C.P. dismissed the Regular Second Appeal filed by the State of Kerala in The State of Kerala and others v. Sebastian @ Sabu V.K., reported as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 594, and upheld the concurrent findings of the courts below. The Court reasoned that the State has a duty to prevent wildlife attacks and that the absence of ownership of a wild animal does not by itself end that duty. A Regular Second Appeal lies to the High Court from an appellate decree in a civil suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
Citation:
2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 594
Judge:
Justice Mohammed Nias C.P.
Proceeding:
Regular Second Appeal, dismissed
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are the principle that lack of ownership of a wild animal does not end the State's liability, the citation 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 594, and the statutory frame of wildlife protection in India: the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 administered by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, with wild animals and birds in the Concurrent List.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
RSA Regular Second Appeal — A second appeal to the High Court from an appellate decree in a civil suit.
23 October 2026
The Kerala High Court has held that a judicial officer facing a departmental disciplinary inquiry cannot insist on being defended by a lawyer. Justice Gopinath P dismissed the writ petition of a serving Additional District and Sessions Judge, WP(C) No. 33217 of 2026, reported as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 600. The inquiry is governed by the Kerala Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1960. The High Court administration relied on Rule 15(6) of those Rules as restricting the engagement of a legal practitioner during the inquiry, and Rule 15(3) authorises the Inquiring Authority to amend, alter or modify the charges. Following the Supreme Court in Dinesh Chandra Pandey v. High Court of Madhya Pradesh, the Court held that a delinquent officer has no right to engage a lawyer in disciplinary proceedings. It said the charges, though serious, were not complicated, and that the petitioner could defend himself with the assistance of another officer in the cadre of District Judge. The Court also held that the amendment of the charges was not illegal, and left the officer free to seek more time to reply and to apply for the recall of witnesses already examined.
Rules applied:
Kerala Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1960
Bar on lawyers:
Rule 15(6)
Amendment of charges:
Rule 15(3)
Case:
WP(C) No. 33217 of 2026
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are the Kerala Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1960 as the code for disciplinary action against Kerala government servants, Rule 15(6) as the bar on engaging a legal practitioner, Rule 15(3) as the power to amend charges, and Dinesh Chandra Pandey v. High Court of Madhya Pradesh as the governing Supreme Court precedent.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
CCA Rules Kerala Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1960 — The rules that set out how disciplinary action is taken against Kerala government servants.
27 October 2026
Co-Keralam, tentatively so named and proposed as Kerala's first airline in the cooperative sector, has reached its registration stage. The promoters are to hand over the company's registration certificate and bylaws to Cooperation Minister M Liju at Thiruvananthapuram, and the State government has given in-principle approval; further regulatory, operational and financial requirements must be completed before commercial flights can begin. C N Vijayakrishnan, chairman of the MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute at Kozhikode, is leading the project. The model is Cochin International Airport Limited, or CIAL: about 200 cooperative societies are expected to contribute Rs 2 crore each, with no government funds, and aircraft are to be leased rather than bought. The first phase plans two 72-seater aircraft based at Kochi, flying to Kozhikode, Kannur, Mangaluru, Bengaluru, Chennai, Coimbatore and Madurai, with fares of Rs 3,500 to Rs 7,000 and about 200 jobs. Under the proposed governance, the Chief Minister would be chairman of the board and the Cooperation Minister vice-chairman.
Model followed:
Cochin International Airport Limited (CIAL)
Cooperative societies expected:
About 200, Rs 2 crore each
First phase fleet:
Two 72-seater aircraft based at Kochi
Fare band:
Rs 3,500 to Rs 7,000
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are Co-Keralam as Kerala's first proposed airline in the cooperative sector, Cochin International Airport Limited as the model it follows and as the world's first airport fully powered by solar energy, and the regulatory frame of Indian aviation: the Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Directorate General of Civil Aviation.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
CIAL Cochin International Airport Limited — The company that runs Cochin International Airport at Nedumbassery in Ernakulam district.
24 October 2026
The Keralam Health Department has brought out the State's first infectious disease prevention calendar. Health Minister K Muraleedharan released it at a function in Thiruvananthapuram. The calendar sets out, month by month, the diseases likely to spread, their symptoms, how they are transmitted, and the steps individuals and communities should take. It was prepared by experts on the department's high power committee, whose chairman S S Lal said the aim is to improve public awareness and to get people to seek medical attention as soon as symptoms appear. The calendar will be distributed across the State and published on the department's website, and will be updated as new scientific evidence emerges. Health workers, including health inspectors, are to visit households to spread the message.
Released by:
Health Minister K Muraleedharan
Prepared by:
Health Department high power committee, chairman S S Lal
What it covers:
Month-wise diseases, symptoms, transmission and prevention
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are that Keralam is the first State to publish a month-wise infectious disease prevention calendar, that it was prepared by the Health Department's high power committee chaired by S S Lal, and the national public health bodies around it: the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme and the National Institute of Virology at Pune.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IDSP Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme — India's disease surveillance network under the Union Health Ministry.
10 October 2026
The Kerala High Court has upheld Section 69 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, which revokes a will automatically when the person who made it marries. A Division Bench of Justice Sathish Ninan and Justice P. Krishna Kumar decided a suo motu civil reference taken up to examine the validity of the provision, reported as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 571 and cited as 2026:KER:77525. The Court found no discrimination in the fact that Section 69 does not apply to wills made by Hindus, given the stated object of the provision. The Indian Succession Act, 1925 is the general law of testamentary and intestate succession in India, and its rules on wills apply to Christians, Parsis and others, while Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs are governed by the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 for intestate succession.
Provision upheld:
Section 69, Indian Succession Act, 1925
Citation:
2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 571; 2026:KER:77525
Proceeding:
Suo motu civil reference
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are Section 69 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 as the provision that revokes a will on the testator's marriage, the Indian Succession Act, 1925 as India's general law of succession, and the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 as the law for intestate succession among Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Testator Testator — The person who makes a will.
15 October 2026
The Kerala High Court has quashed a preventive detention order because the detention order and the documents relied on were not supplied in a language the detenu knew. A Division Bench of Justice Anil K. Narendran and Justice Muralee Krishna S. decided Ayishath Ruksana v. State of Kerala and others, reported as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 587 and cited as 2026:KER:77781. The detenu, a Kannada speaker from Karnataka, had been given the papers only in Malayalam. The Court held that the detaining authority must supply the order and the relied-on documents in a language known to the detenu, and that failing to do so denies the right under Article 22(5) of the Constitution to be told the grounds of detention and to make a representation. The detention had been ordered under the Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007, known as KAAPA.
Constitutional right invoked:
Article 22(5)
Detention law:
Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007
Citation:
2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 587; 2026:KER:77781
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are Article 22(5) of the Constitution as the right of a person under preventive detention to be told the grounds and to make a representation, and the Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007, abbreviated KAAPA, as Kerala's preventive detention law.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
KAAPA Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007 — Kerala's law allowing preventive detention of known offenders and anti-social elements.
27 October 2026
Central data place Keralam third among the States and Union Territories in the number of road accidents and first in rash driving cases. The Road Accidents in India 2024 report of the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways recorded 48,834 road accidents in Keralam in 2024, behind Tamil Nadu with 67,526 and Madhya Pradesh with 56,669. The same report attributes 993 accidents in Keralam in 2024 to drivers without a licence. Data of the National Crime Records Bureau show Keralam first among the States in rash driving cases in each year from 2020 to 2024, with 1,09,953 such cases in 2024.
Road accidents in Keralam, 2024:
48,834
Keralam's rank in road accidents:
Third
Rash driving cases in Keralam, 2024:
1,09,953
Accidents involving unlicensed drivers:
993
Why it matters for exams: The durable facts are that the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways publishes the annual Road Accidents in India report, that the National Crime Records Bureau publishes crime data including rash driving cases, and that road transport in India is governed by the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
NCRB National Crime Records Bureau — The body under the Union Home Ministry that compiles India's crime statistics.
Background
The Department of Economics and Statistics is the nodal agency of Kerala, responsible for the systematic collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of statistics relating to the various sectors of the Kerala economy. The Director is its technical and administrative head and functions as the statistics authority of the State, assisted by three Additional Directors on technical matters and by an Administrative Officer deputed from the Secretariat on administrative matters. Divisions in the Directorate are headed by Joint Directors and Deputy Directors. Besides the Directorate there are 14 District Offices, each headed by a Deputy Director, and 62 Taluk Statistical Offices, the Taluk Statistical Office being the lowest statistical unit in the State. The headquarters is at Vikas Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram. The department had its origin in the scheme 'Improvement of Agricultural Statistics' started in 1949 under the Department of Research in the erstwhile Travancore University; the Travancore Cochin State Government constituted a Board of Statistics in 1951, the Bureau of Economics and Statistics was formed in 1963, and the present Department of Economics and Statistics dates from 1980. The State Index of Industrial Production is compiled for three major sectors, Mining and Quarrying, Registered Manufacturing and Electricity, with monthly mining figures from the Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur and electricity figures from the Central Electricity Authority.
District offices:
14
Taluk Statistical Offices:
62
Headquarters:
Vikas Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram
Why it matters for exams: The nodal statistics agency of Kerala, its field structure of 14 district and 62 taluk offices, and the three sectors of the State Index of Industrial Production are standing facts behind every State figure an aspirant quotes.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
IIP Index of Industrial Production — A short term index that tracks how much industry produces.
Nodal agency — The one body the government makes responsible for a subject.
ASI Annual Survey of Industries — The yearly survey of registered factories used to build the industry item basket.
Background
Before the State of Kerala was formed there were separate fire services in Travancore, Cochin and Malabar, with three fire stations in Travancore and Kochi and five in Malabar, and all of them under the control of the Police Department. The fire stations of Travancore and Cochin were joined in 1949; Malabar was brought in in 1956 and the Kerala Fire Service came into being. The Inspector General of Police remained the head of the service up to 1963 and the fire service worked as part of the Police Department. The Kerala Fire Force Act came into existence through Government Notification No. 9018/61 dated 21.06.1962. The service is now headed by a Director General, who is also the head of the Home Guards and of Civil Defence in Kerala. Civil Defence in the State was constituted by Government Order (MS) No. 132/19 issued on 30.08.2019, and its work is coordinated by a Regional Fire Officer based at Thiruvananthapuram together with the District Fire Officers. The emergency number is 101 and the headquarters is at Pulimoodu in Thiruvananthapuram.
Emergency number:
101
Head of the force:
Director General
Fire stations before the merger:
Three in Travancore and Kochi, five in Malabar
Why it matters for exams: The Kerala Fire Force Act, the force being carved out of the Police Department, and the Director General holding charge of Home Guards and Civil Defence are the standing facts behind every fire service recruitment notification.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Home Guards — A volunteer body that assists the police and the fire service.
Civil Defence — Trained civilian volunteers who help protect people during disasters and attacks.
IGP Inspector General of Police — A senior police rank; the IGP headed the Kerala fire service in its early years.
Background
In Kerala the law of weights and measures is enforced by the Legal Metrology Department. Metrology is the science of measurement. The department, formerly known as the Department of Weights and Measures, is empowered to certify the accuracy of weights, measures and weighing and measuring instruments used in transactions, to safeguard the interest of consumers, by enforcing the Legal Metrology Act and the rules made under it, including the Packaged Commodities Rules. Its stated objectives include ensuring metrological accuracy in instruments used in trade and commerce, the mandatory declaration on packaged commodities, that the retail sale price of a packaged commodity does not exceed the MRP, correct net contents, and delivery of commodities in correct quantities by weight, measure or number; it also aims at uniformity in weights and measures across the State and at awareness among the public, entrepreneurs and tradesmen. Its listed functions are periodic verification and certification of weighing and measuring instruments; periodic inspections to find defaulters, to enforce delivery of commodities in correct quantity, to ensure mandatory declarations and net quantity on packaged commodities and to ensure registration of manufacturers and packers of packaged commodities; and statewide training and awareness classes. Another stated objective is to set up modern laboratories to calibrate instruments used in trade and commerce, in hospitals (person weighing scale, thermometer, sphygmomanometer), speed radar for the speed of automobiles, decibel meters for acoustic measurement, photometers for the intensity of light, clarity meters for the transparency of films and sheets, and for measuring data speed in communication networks. The head of the department is the Controller of Legal Metrology, and the head office is Legal Metrology Bhavan at Vrindavan Garden, Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram. Complaints about violations of the Act and Rules can be registered on the mobile number 9188 918 100.
Head of the department:
Controller of Legal Metrology
Head office:
Legal Metrology Bhavan, Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram
Complaint number:
9188 918 100
Why it matters for exams: The Legal Metrology Act, the old name Weights and Measures, the Packaged Commodities Rules and the office of the Controller of Legal Metrology are the durable facts behind every MRP and short weight case in the State.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Metrology — The science of measurement.
MRP Maximum Retail Price — The highest price at which a packaged good may be sold to a buyer.
Packaged Commodities Rules — Rules that say what a packet must print and how its quantity must be stated.
Background
Kerala Startup Mission lists Huddle Global among its flagship events, so the body that runs the State's startup work is worth setting out. The Mission is the nodal agency of the Government of Kerala for entrepreneurship development and incubation, and the implementing body for the Kerala Technology Startup Policy. It was founded in 2006, when Technopark started a business incubation centre called T-TBI; the next year it became the first non academic Technology Business Incubator to be recognised by DST, and in 2014 the State designated it the nodal agency for startups. Kerala was the first State in the country to launch a startup policy. The Mission has since received DPIIT Top Performer and Best Performer awards and a UBI Global award as the best public policy accelerator. Its own figures, counting its sector-specific partner organisations along with it, put the ecosystem at more than 8000 registered startups, more than 10 lakh square feet of incubation space, more than 60 incubators and more than 550 mini incubation centres across Kerala. Its office is at G3B, Thejaswini, Technopark, Trivandrum.
Registered startups:
8000 +
Incubators:
60+
Office:
Thejaswini, Technopark, Trivandrum
Why it matters for exams: The Kerala Technology Startup Policy, the Technopark origin as T-TBI and the status of nodal agency for startups are the durable facts behind every Kerala startup headline.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
TBI Technology Business Incubator — A centre that houses and supports new technology firms.
DPIIT Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade — The central body that runs the national startup recognition and ranking.
Incubation — Early support of space, mentoring and money given to a young firm.
Background
The Kerala University of Health Sciences has rescheduled the First Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary examinations, published the theory examination time table for its PhD year end examination and postponed its 23rd convocation. The University was established by the 'Kerala University of Health Sciences Act 2010' for ensuring proper and systematic instruction, teaching, training and research in Modern Medicine, Homoeopathy and Indian Systems of Medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani and other allied sciences, and also to have uniformity in the various academic programmes in medical and allied subjects in the State of Kerala. The University is situated at Thrissur. It is mandated to affiliate all colleges and institutions in Kerala imparting professional education in health care, and 296 professional colleges have been affiliated to the University so far. The Governor of Kerala is the Chancellor of the University and the Minister for Health is the Pro-Chancellor.
Seat of the University:
Thrissur
Affiliated professional colleges:
296
Chancellor:
The Governor of Kerala
Why it matters for exams: The Kerala University of Health Sciences Act, the seat at Thrissur, the streams of medicine it covers and the Governor as Chancellor are the standing facts behind every health education notification in the State.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Indian Systems of Medicine — Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy and Unani taken together.
Affiliation — The link by which a college teaches and examines under a university.
Chancellor — The formal head of a university.