5 October 2026
Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu and Deputy Chief Minister Pawan Kalyan launched Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0 works at Kothapalli in the Proddatur Assembly constituency of Kadapa district on 5 October 2026.
The estimated cost is ₹30,156 crore, to extend drinking water to another 27 lakh rural households.
The works include 13,075 overhead water tanks, expansion of supply to 24,601 habitations and a 77,243-km pipeline extension.
The project will strengthen supply to a total of 61.60 lakh tap connections, ultimately benefiting 3.3 crore people.
Of nearly 95 lakh rural households in the State, around 62 lakh already have household tap connections.
Estimated cost:
₹30,156 crore
Additional rural households:
27 lakh
Overhead water tanks:
13,075
Pipeline extension:
77,243 km
Total tap connections:
61.60 lakh
Why it matters for exams: Jal Jeevan Mission is the Centre's rural tap-water scheme; state-level rollouts and their outlays are a common polity and rural-development question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
JJM Jal Jeevan Mission — The Centre's mission, started in 2019, to give every rural household a tap water connection.
Background
The Ministry of Textiles gives financial assistance for registering handloom products under the Geographical Indications (GI) of Goods Act, 1999, and has set up GI help desks at each Weavers Service Centre to handle issues relating to GI products and to promote GI in handloom clusters. Its State-wise list of registered handloom Geographical Indications records four from Andhra Pradesh: Uppada Jamdani Sarees, Venkatagiri Sarees, Mangalagiri Sarees And Fabrics, and Dharmavaram Handloom Pattu Sarres And Paavadas, the last spelt as the Ministry's list spells it. All four are entered in the list as handloom goods. On the same list, Pochampally Ikat, Gadwal Sarees, Siddipet Gollabama and Narayanpet Handloom Sarees are entered under Telangana, not Andhra Pradesh.
Andhra Pradesh handloom GI:
Uppada Jamdani Sarees
Andhra Pradesh handloom GI:
Venkatagiri Sarees
Andhra Pradesh handloom GI:
Mangalagiri Sarees And Fabrics
Andhra Pradesh handloom GI:
Dharmavaram Handloom Pattu Sarres And Paavadas
Where GI help desks are set up:
Weavers Service Centre
Why it matters for exams: Which Geographical Indication belongs to Andhra Pradesh and which to Telangana is a favourite trap after the bifurcation, and all four of these names recur in question papers.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
GI Geographical Indication — A sign used on a product whose qualities or reputation come from the place it is made.
Jamdani — A weaving technique in which the design is worked into the fabric on the loom itself.
Background
The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act is one of the four documents from which the Central Government's commitments to the newly created State of Andhra Pradesh flow, and under section 90 the Act declares the Polavaram Irrigation Project as a National Project. The Ministry of Finance records that the Polavaram Project is on the river Godavari near Ramayyapeta village of Polavaram mandal, about 42 km upstream of Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage in the State of Andhra Pradesh. It envisages construction of a dam and canal system to create an ultimate irrigation potential of 2,91,000 ha (7.2 lakh acres), generation of 960 MW of hydro power, drinking water supply to a population of 28.50 lakh in 540 villages, and diversion of 80 TMC of water to the Krishna river basin. Separately, under section 93 of the Act the institutions and infrastructure to be developed in the State are outlined in the Thirteenth Schedule, and the Act also provides for a developmental package for the backward areas of the State and for incentives in particular for the Rayalaseema and north coastal regions.
River:
river Godavari
Nearest village and mandal:
Ramayyapeta, Polavaram mandal
Distance upstream of Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage:
42 km upstream
Ultimate irrigation potential:
2,91,000 ha (7.2 lakh acres)
Hydro power:
960 MW
Diversion to the Krishna basin:
80 TMC
Why it matters for exams: Polavaram's statutory status as a National Project, its river, and the 80 TMC diversion to the Krishna basin are among the most frequently examined facts about Andhra Pradesh's water resources.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
TMC thousand million cubic feet — A unit used in India for large volumes of stored or diverted water.
Mandal — The administrative unit below the district in Andhra Pradesh, equivalent to a taluk.
National Project — A status under which the Centre takes on a large share of an irrigation project's cost.
Background
The Thirteenth Schedule to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 (No. 6 of 2014) lists the institutions and infrastructure to be developed in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, and section 93 of the Act is the provision under which they are outlined. One of them is a Central Tribal University. The Union Cabinet approved an amendment to the Central Universities Act, 2009 for setting up a Central Tribal University in Andhra Pradesh, and the "Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh" is to be set up in Relli village of Vizianagaram District as provided under the Thirteenth Schedule. The Cabinet also approved a provision of Rs. 420 crore for the first phase expenditure towards establishing it.
Village:
Relli village
District:
Vizianagaram District
First phase provision:
Rs. 420 crore
Act amended:
Central Universities Act, 2009
Enabling Act:
Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 (No. 6 of 2014)
Schedule that provides for it:
Thirteenth Schedule
Why it matters for exams: The Thirteenth Schedule institutions promised to Andhra Pradesh are standard polity questions, and the district and village named for the Central Tribal University are the detail a paper tests.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Thirteenth Schedule — The schedule of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act that lists institutions and infrastructure to be developed in the State.
Central university — A university set up by an Act of Parliament and funded by the Union government.
Background
The High Court for the Andhra State was established in 1954 with its principal seat at Guntur, with 7 Judges, and Justice Koka Subba Rao as its first Chief Justice. In 1956 the Hyderabad State and the Andhra State were merged to form the State of Andhra Pradesh, and the High Court of Andhra Pradesh was established with its principal seat at Hyderabad with 11 Judges. The State of Andhra Pradesh was bifurcated in 2014 into the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and the High Court at Hyderabad was designated as the Common High Court for both States with effect from 02.06.2014, continuing to function from Hyderabad. The High Court of Andhra Pradesh came into existence by an order dated 26.12.2018 and started functioning with its principal seat at Amaravati from 01.01.2019 with 14 Judges. It initially functioned from a temporary accommodation in Vijayawada, and has functioned from the Interim Judicial Complex at Amaravati from 18.03.2019. The court's address is given at Nelapadu, Amaravati, in Guntur District.
Principal seat of the High Court for the Andhra State:
Guntur
Judges when the High Court of Andhra Pradesh was established at Hyderabad:
11
Date from which the High Court at Hyderabad was the Common High Court:
02.06.2014
Date the High Court of Andhra Pradesh started functioning at Amaravati:
01.01.2019
Judges at its inception at Amaravati:
14
Why it matters for exams: The chain of seats — Guntur, then Hyderabad, then Amaravati — and the idea of one High Court serving two States for a period are standard questions on the judiciary after a State is reorganised.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Common High Court Common High Court — One High Court exercising jurisdiction over more than one State at the same time.
Principal seat Principal seat — The main location from which a High Court sits, as distinct from any bench elsewhere.
Background
The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the Third Launch Pad (TLP) at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre of ISRO at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. Indian Space Transportation Systems are, as the release puts it, completely reliant on two launch pads, the First Launch Pad (FLP) and the Second Launch Pad (SLP). The FLP was realised for PSLV and continues to provide launch support for PSLV and SSLV; the SLP was established primarily for GSLV and LVM3, also functions as standby for PSLV, and is getting ready to launch the human rated LVM3 for the Gaganyaan missions. The Third Launch Pad is meant for the Next Generation Launch Vehicles of ISRO and also to support as standby launch pad for the Second Launch Pad, and is to be built with maximum industry participation. The total fund requirement is Rs. 3984.86 Crore, and the TLP is targeted to be established within a duration of 48 months or 4 years. The release ties the decision to the expanded vision of the Indian Space Programme, including the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) by 2035 and an Indian Crewed Lunar Landing by 2040.
Total fund requirement for the Third Launch Pad:
Rs. 3984.86 Crore
Time targeted for establishing the Third Launch Pad:
48 months or 4 years
Launch pads Indian Space Transportation Systems rely on as on today:
First Launch Pad (FLP) & Second Launch Pad (SLP)
Planned Indian space station in the expanded vision:
Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) by 2035
Why it matters for exams: Sriharikota is the single place an examiner can test India's whole launch infrastructure from, and the names and roles of the three launch pads are exactly the detail that distinguishes a prepared candidate.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
NGLV Next Generation Launch Vehicle — ISRO's planned heavier launch vehicle family with new propulsion systems.
Standby launch pad Standby launch pad — A second pad kept able to take over a vehicle's launches if the main pad is unavailable.
Background
The National Tiger Conservation Authority lists Nagarjunsagar Srisailam as the tiger reserve of Andhra Pradesh, the only one shown for the State. In the Authority's table of tiger reserves the entry reads "Nagarjunsagar Sagar", Andhra Pradesh, with a protected area notification year of 1982-83 and a tiger reserve notification year of 2007. Its core area is given as 2,595.72 sq km and its buffer area as 700.59 sq km, for a total area of 3,296.31 sq km. That total is the largest for any tiger reserve in the Authority's table. Assam, by comparison, is shown with four tiger reserves — Kaziranga, Manas, Nameri and Orang — of which Manas is the largest at 2,837.10 sq km total, placing it next after the Andhra Pradesh reserve.
Core area (sq km):
2,595.72
Buffer area (sq km):
700.59
Total area (sq km):
3,296.31
Tiger reserve notification year:
2007
Total area of Manas, Assam (sq km):
2,837.10
Why it matters for exams: "Largest tiger reserve" is asked almost every year, and candidates who remember only the core area get it wrong, because the ranking rests on core plus buffer.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Core area Core area — The critical tiger habitat of a reserve, kept free of human use.
Buffer area Buffer area — The surrounding zone of a tiger reserve where regulated human use is allowed.
Background
The High Court of Andhra Pradesh came into existence by an order dated 26.12.2018.
It started functioning with its principal seat at Amaravati from 01.01.2019 with 14 Hon'ble Judges.
Hon'ble Sri Justice C. Praveen Kumar was the acting Chief Justice at its inception.
The interim judicial complex at Amaravati was inaugurated on 03.02.2019 by the Chief Justice of India.
Before this, a common High Court had functioned from Hyderabad for both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Principal seat:
Amaravati
Judges at start:
14
Order dated:
26.12.2018
Why it matters for exams: Seat and origin of a state High Court is a standard polity and State Focus question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Acting Chief Justice Acting Chief Justice — A senior judge who performs the Chief Justice's duties until a regular Chief Justice is appointed.
Background
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR is described as the Spaceport of India.
It stands on a spindle shaped island in SPSR Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, situated in the backwater Pulicat Lake.
The site was chosen because it is on the East Coast of the country, far from populated areas.
Sriharikota covers an area of about 43,360 acres (175sq.km) with a coastline of 50km.
The Centre has two launch pads from where PSLV and GSLV launches are carried out.
Area:
about 43,360 acres (175sq.km)
Coastline:
50km
Launch pads for PSLV and GSLV:
two
Why it matters for exams: Location and features of ISRO's launch site are repeated questions in science and State Focus papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
Background
Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR) spans 3728 km2 in five revenue districts.
The Wildlife Institute of India portal calls it the largest tiger reserve in the country in terms of size.
It lies in the Nallamala Hills, an offshoot of the Eastern Ghats.
The Core/Critical Tiger Habitat is 2444.14 km2 and the buffer/peripheral area is 1283.36 km2.
The River Krishna is the perennial water source, and the reserve links with Amrabad Tiger Reserve in Telangana.
Total area:
3728 km2
Core/Critical Tiger Habitat:
2444.14 km2
Buffer area:
1283.36 km2
Why it matters for exams: Largest tiger reserve and its hill range and river are frequent environment and State Focus questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Core/Critical Tiger Habitat Core/Critical Tiger Habitat — The inviolate core area of a tiger reserve, kept for tigers.