29 October 2026
Mizoram's Medical Certification of Causes of Death Report for 2025 has been released by the State's Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Chief Registrar of Births and Deaths and Commissioner and Secretary Vanlaldina Fanai released it at a programme the directorate organised. The State recorded 4,146 medically certified deaths in 2025, down by 183 from 4,329 in 2024. Respiratory diseases were the single largest cause, with 721 deaths or 17.3 per cent of the total, and 268 of them were women. Digestive ailments came next at 613 deaths or 15 per cent, followed by circulatory system diseases at 13.7 per cent, infectious and parasitic diseases at 12.2 per cent and cancer at 11 per cent. Among districts, Aizawl reported the most with 2,664 deaths, ahead of Lunglei with 350 and Kolasib with 282. An MCCD report counts only deaths where a doctor certified the cause, so it is a measure of hospital deaths rather than of all deaths.
Medically certified deaths, 2025:
4,146
Previous year:
4,329 in 2024
Leading cause:
Respiratory diseases — 721 deaths, 17.3 per cent
Second cause:
Digestive ailments — 613 deaths, 15 per cent
District with most:
Aizawl, 2,664
Why it matters for exams: Mizoram's MCCD Report, 2025 is published by the State Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and respiratory disease was the leading certified cause of death at 17.3 per cent.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
MCCD Medical Certification of Causes of Death — A statistical report that classifies deaths for which a doctor certified the cause.
Chief Registrar of Births and Deaths Chief Registrar of Births and Deaths — The State officer responsible for civil registration of births and deaths.
Background
Central road work being cleared in the hills has brought Mizoram's district map back into view. Serchhip, which sits in the central part of the State, is the district the Tropic of Cancer passes through. Its own administration also calls it the smallest district in Mizoram. The district came into being on 15th September 1998, out of what had until then been a Rural Development Block. Champhai district adjoins it on the east. Few districts anywhere are made by raising a development block, and it shows how recently most of Mizoram's districts were drawn. The pairing worth keeping is short: the Tropic of Cancer and Serchhip.
Formed:
15 September 1998
Rank by size:
Called the smallest district of the State by its own administration
Why it matters for exams: Which district of a State the Tropic of Cancer crosses, and which is the smallest, are both asked in general studies papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Tropic of Cancer The northern tropic — The line of latitude marking how far north the sun can stand overhead.
Rural Development Block Community development block — A rural administrative unit below the district, used for development work.
Background
Central road work reaching Mizoram's eastern hills keeps Champhai district in view. The district came into existence on 12th December 1997, in the north-east corner of the State. Its administration divides it into three sub-divisions, Champhai, Ngopa and Khawzawl. Below those sub-divisions sit four blocks. Champhai town is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has Manipur on its north and Myanmar on its east and south. Champhai is therefore a good single example of how administration in Mizoram is layered, from district to sub-division to block. The district's own administration gives the date of formation, the sub-divisions and the blocks in that order.
Formed:
12 December 1997
Sub-divisions:
Champhai, Ngopa, Khawzawl
Blocks:
Four
Why it matters for exams: The headquarters, the number of sub-divisions and blocks and the year of formation are the exam facts a district question turns on.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Sub-division Administrative tier below a district — A unit between the district and the block in Indian district administration.
Background
Road works cleared for Mizoram under the central rural roads programme have brought the State's far south into view. Siaha district lies there, 378 kilometres from the State capital by its own administration's reckoning. The district covers an area of 1,899 square kilometres. Its headquarters is the town of Siaha, and it has two sub-divisions, run from Siaha and from Tipa. Siaha town and the sub-town of Tipa are the district's urban centres. Mara is given as the major language of the district, alongside English, Mizo and Hindi. Tea, rubber and coffee are listed as the main plantation crops.
Area:
1,899 sq km
Distance from capital:
378 km
Sub-divisions:
Siaha and Tipa
Why it matters for exams: District area, headquarters, sub-divisions and main crops are the fixed facts a State Focus question draws on.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Sub-town A smaller urban settlement recognised below a town — A settlement counted as urban but smaller than the district's main town.
Background
The northern tip of Mizoram is Kolasib district, and road and rail links from Assam into the State run through this stretch. Its northern boundary is with the Cachar district of Assam, so this is where Mizoram meets its larger neighbour. The district was created in the year 1998 by carving it out of what was then Aizawl district. Its own administration notes that it was made simply by raising an existing sub-division to district rank. Kolasib is therefore one of the newer districts of a State whose district map has been redrawn more than once. Being the gateway from Assam gives this district weight out of proportion to its size. Traffic between Aizawl and the rest of the country passes this way.
Created:
1998
Parent district:
Aizawl
Borders:
Cachar district, Assam
Why it matters for exams: Which district of another State a frontier district borders, and which parent district it came out of, are both standard questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Parent district The district a new district is carved out of — The older district whose area was divided to make a new one.
Background
Lawngtlai lies in the southernmost part of Mizoram, where the State's road network thins out among the hills. It was declared a district on 18th September 1998. Before that it came under Chhimtuipui district. Its own administration notes that the western belt of the district holds one of the highest concentrations of minority population in India. Lunglei and Siaha districts cut Lawngtlai into two parts, and much of it is hard to reach, which is why road building counts for so much there. Lunglei district lies to its north-east, as Lunglei's own administration records. A district drawn this recently shows how much Mizoram's internal map has changed since statehood. The two points worth holding are these: the district in the southernmost part of the State, and once part of Chhimtuipui.
Declared a district:
18 September 1998
Earlier part of:
Chhimtuipui district
Why it matters for exams: The southernmost district of a State and the parent district it was taken from are both durable map facts.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Chhimtuipui A former district of Mizoram — An older district of the State whose area was later divided.
Background
Road works cleared for Mizoram under the central rural roads programme keep the State's district map in view, and Lunglei is its southern anchor. Inside Mizoram the district is bounded by Siaha on the south-east and Lawngtlai on the south-west. Serchhip lies to its north-east, Mamit to its north-west and Hnahthial to its east. On the west it runs along the international border with Bangladesh. Five districts of Mizoram and one foreign country therefore touch its edges. Lunglei sits between the Bangladesh frontier and the hill districts of the interior. A district with this many neighbours is a useful peg for the whole State map.
Bounding districts:
Five
International border:
Bangladesh, on the west
Why it matters for exams: Matching a district to the districts around it is the commonest form of a State map question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Bounding district A district that shares a boundary — A district whose edge touches the district being described.
Background
Mizoram's railhead is now at Sairang, a short way from the State capital. The 51.38 km Bairabi-Sairang railway line, along with the station at Sairang, was inaugurated on 13th September 2025. The Press Information Bureau marked one year of the line's working with a release calling it Mizoram's railway lifeline. Before that, long-distance travel and freight in the State depended on hill roads. The line completes rail connectivity to the threshold of Aizawl, the capital of Mizoram. Bairabi, at the other end, is where the link to the wider national network begins. Farmers and traders in the State can now reach markets across the country by rail.
Length:
51.38 km
Inaugurated:
13 September 2025
Railhead for:
Aizawl
Why it matters for exams: The two ends of the line, its length and the city its railhead serves are the facts that follow this project into exams.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Railhead The furthest point a railway line reaches — The last station on a line, from which goods and people go on by road.
Background
Road and rail projects in the hills keep Mizoram's frontier districts in the news, and two of them sit against foreign countries. In the north-east corner of the State, Champhai district has Manipur on its north and Myanmar on its east and south. At the other end, in the southern part of the State, Lunglei district shares an international border with Bangladesh on its west. So the eastern and southern edge of Mizoram faces Myanmar and the western edge faces Bangladesh. Inside the State, Lunglei is bounded by Siaha, Lawngtlai, Serchhip, Mamit and Hnahthial districts. Champhai is a frontier district of the State's eastern side, as Lunglei is of its western side. A State with two international borders carries weight in both trade and security. That is why so much central road building in Mizoram is aimed at the border districts.
Foreign neighbours:
Two
Eastern frontier district:
Champhai
Western frontier district:
Lunglei
Why it matters for exams: Which countries border a State, and which district touches which neighbour, are standard map questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Frontier district A district on an international boundary — A district whose edge is the country's own border.
Background
Aizawl is the capital of Mizoram and the largest city in the State. Development works worth over Rs 9,000 crore, among them the Bairabi-Sairang rail line, were inaugurated and begun for Aizawl by the Prime Minister in September 2025. Aizawl district is the administrative heart of the State, and Kolasib district was carved out of it. Most of Mizoram's offices, colleges and trade sit in and around the capital. The railhead that serves Aizawl is at Sairang, a little outside the city. Distances inside Mizoram are commonly measured from Aizawl, which makes the capital the reference point for the whole State map. Siaha, the headquarters of the far southern district, is 378 kilometres from it. For an exam the one fact to be sure of is that Aizawl, and not Lunglei, is the capital of Mizoram.
Capital of:
Mizoram
Project package:
Over Rs 9,000 crore
Railhead:
Sairang
Why it matters for exams: The capital of a State, the parent district of a newer one and the value of a central project package are all asked.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Foundation stone Formal start of a construction project — A ceremony that marks the beginning of building work.