Background
Bounded by the Nilgiris hills on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west, Malappuram literally means the land atop the hills.
Malappuram District was formed on 16th of June 1969, with Kozhikode and Wayanad districts to its north and Palakkad and Thrissur districts to its south.
The district has a geographical area of 3550 sq. kms, which is 9.13% of total area of the state and ranks 3rd in the state.
Malappuram consists of three natural divisions: lowland along the sea coast, midland in the centre and highland towards the east and north-east.
Four important rivers of Kerala flow through the district: the Chaliyar, the Kadalundippuzha, the Bharathapuzha and the Tirurpuzha.
The Chaliyar has a length of 169 KMs and originates from Illambaleri hills in Tamil Nadu, flowing into the sea at Beypore in Kozhikode district; the Kadalundippuzha has a course of 130 Kms and the Tirurpuzha is 48 Kms long.
Of these rivers only the Chaliyar is perennial and all the others get dried up in summer, which is why the district is prone to drought.
The district has a total forest area of 758.8684 Square km, of which 325.3261 Square km is reserve forests and 433.5423 Square Km is vested forests, protected by the Nilambur north and Nilambur South forest divisions.
Formed on:
16th of June 1969
Geographical area:
3550 sq. kms
Share of State area:
9.13%
Rank in the State by area:
3rd
Only perennial river:
Chaliyar
Total forest area:
758.8684 Square km
Why it matters for exams: Date of formation, area, rank and river systems of each Kerala district are repeatedly asked in Kerala PSC preliminary papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Perennial river A river that flows through the year — Among Malappuram's four rivers only the Chaliyar keeps flowing through the summer.
Vested forest Private forest vested in the State — Forest land that passed to the State from private hands and is now managed by the Forest Department.
Kayal Backwater — The brackish lagoons of the Tirur and Ponnani taluks that give fishing and navigation facilities.
Background
The average depth of the ocean is about 3,682 metres (12,080 feet).
The deepest part of the ocean is called the Challenger Deep.
It lies beneath the western Pacific Ocean, in the southern end of the Mariana Trench.
The Mariana Trench runs several hundred kilometres southwest of the US territorial island of Guam.
Challenger Deep is approximately 10,935 metres (35,876 feet) deep.
It is named after HMS Challenger, whose crew first sounded the depths of the trench in 1875.
Deepest point:
Challenger Deep, approx. 10,935 metres
Location:
Southern end of the Mariana Trench, western Pacific Ocean
Average ocean depth:
About 3,682 metres
Named after:
HMS Challenger
Why it matters for exams: Ocean depths, trenches and their locations are standard world-geography questions in UPSC and Kerala PSC papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Ocean trench Deep narrow seafloor depression — A long, deep depression in the seafloor; the Mariana Trench is one.
Sounding Measuring water depth — HMS Challenger's crew first sounded the depths of the trench.
Background
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established on 18 October 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
It was set up for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
The Tribunal is mandated to endeavour to dispose of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing.
New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting; Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai are the other four places of sitting.
The Tribunal is not bound by the procedure under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 or the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and is guided by principles of natural justice; Section 19 of the Act lets it regulate its own procedure.
It is vested with the powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, and it entertains letter petitions that bring to light substantial environmental damage.
Established on:
18 October 2010
Established under:
National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
Target for final disposal:
6 months from filing
Principal Place of Sitting:
New Delhi
Other places of sitting:
Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, Chennai
Why it matters for exams: The NGT's statutory basis, benches and procedure are staple environment-law questions in UPSC and Kerala PSC papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Principal Place of Sitting Main seat of the Tribunal — New Delhi is the Tribunal's main seat; the four other places of sitting are Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai.
Principles of natural justice Fair-hearing standards — The standards that guide the Tribunal in place of strict civil procedure.
Letter petition Complaint made by letter — A letter that brings substantial environmental damage to the Tribunal's notice and is entertained as a petition.
Background
The Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) is a multidisciplinary centre of excellence dedicated to research in tropical forests and forestry.
It was established in 1975 and has entered its 50th year of service.
It is located at Peechi P.O., Thrissur District.
KFRI became a constituent institution of the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) in 2002.
It is accredited as a research centre for PhD programmes by FRI University Dehradun, the University of Calicut and the Cochin University of Science and Technology.
KFRI also serves as the Secretariat for the international network TEAKNET, funded by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations.
Established:
1975
Location:
Peechi, Thrissur District
Became a KSCSTE constituent institution:
2002
International network secretariat:
TEAKNET (FAO-funded)
Why it matters for exams: Kerala's research institutions, their founding years and locations are standard Kerala PSC questions on science and the environment.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
KSCSTE Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment — KFRI became its constituent institution in 2002.
TEAKNET International network on teak — KFRI serves as its Secretariat; it is funded by the FAO.
13 October 2026
The Kerala Environment Department has published on its website a revised cadastral map of the State's ecologically sensitive areas (ESA) in the Western Ghats.
The map is based on the documents Kerala submitted to the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on September 24, in response to the Ministry's seventh draft notification.
The proposed ESA area falls from 9,993.7 sq km to 8,590.69 sq km.
The revised map largely excludes 33 of the villages earlier identified as ecologically sensitive.
In Idukki, 23 of 51 villages are excluded, along with cardamom cultivation areas in the Cardamom Hill Reserve, while the Munnar Gap Road remains within the ESA.
In Pathanamthitta seven villages remain, with the Sabarimala temple complex, Pampa, the Nilakkal parking ground and the Neelimala route excluded.
In Ernakulam, the residential areas of Kuttampuzha, the district's only village on the earlier list, are fully excluded.
Proposed ESA area now:
8,590.69 sq km
Earlier proposed area:
9,993.7 sq km
Villages largely excluded:
33
Idukki villages excluded:
23 of 51
Why it matters for exams: Western Ghats ESA boundaries and the area figures Kerala proposes are a standing question in both Kerala PSC and UPSC environment papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ESA Ecologically Sensitive Area — A zone where the Centre restricts mining, quarrying, red-category industry and large building projects.
Cadastral map — A survey map that shows individual land parcels with their survey numbers, so a boundary can be fixed plot by plot.
Background
The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
It was constituted under section 38 L (1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006.
The Minister in charge of the Ministry is the Chairperson and the Minister of State is Vice-Chairperson; three members of Parliament, the Secretary of the Ministry and other members sit on it.
It approves the tiger conservation plan prepared by the State Government and disallows ecologically unsustainable land use such as mining and industry within tiger reserves.
It may issue directions in writing to any person, officer or authority, who are bound to comply.
Project Tiger is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry that funds tiger range States for in-situ conservation in designated tiger reserves.
Legal basis:
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006
Constituted under:
Section 38 L (1)
Parent ministry:
Environment, Forests and Climate Change
Parliament members on the Authority:
3
Project Tiger:
Centrally Sponsored Scheme
Why it matters for exams: The NTCA's legal basis and powers, and the nature of Project Tiger, are recurring environment and governance questions in UPSC and PSC papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Section 38 O Powers and functions of the Authority — It lets the Authority approve tiger conservation plans and issue binding written directions.
Centrally Sponsored Scheme Scheme funded with central support and run by States — Project Tiger is one, funding tiger range States.
Background
Palakkad is one of the fourteen districts of Kerala and has no coastal line.
The district opens the state to the rest of the country through the Palakkad Gap with a width of 32 to 40 Kms.
It is one of the main granaries of Kerala, its economy is primarily agricultural, and it is also the land of Palmyrahs.
The present Palakkad district was formed on the first of January 1957, with Palakad, Perinthalmanna, Ponnani, Ottapalam, Alathur and Chittur taluks.
Today it has 2 revenue divisions, 6 taluks and 157 revenue villages, with 7 municipalities, 13 block panchayats and 88 village panchayats; the headquarters is at Palakkad Town.
After the 73rd amendment of the Constitution, decentralized planning was implemented and the three tier Panchayat Raj system was formed, with the District Panchayat as the top-most tier.
Palakkad Gap width:
32 to 40 Kms
District formed:
1 January 1957
Taluks:
6
Revenue villages:
157
Coastline:
None
Why it matters for exams: The Palakkad Gap, the district's formation and its place as a granary recur in Kerala geography and district-profile questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Palakkad Gap Break in the hill range — The district administration says it opens the state to the rest of the country, with a width of 32 to 40 Kms.
73rd amendment Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) — After it, decentralized planning and the three tier Panchayat Raj system were put in place in the district.
13 October 2026
Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the Bloomberg New Economy Forum in New Delhi on Tuesday, 13 October 2026. He said, 'India does not grow at anyone's expense. We grow with the world and for the world.' Calling India the 'mother of democracy', he cited more than 100 languages, around 80,000 registered newspapers and publications, and over 1,000 satellite television channels. He said India's renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 300 gigawatts (GW), up from about 75 GW in 2014, or nearly four times more capacity. The Prime Minister said India's target of sourcing 40 per cent of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030 was achieved in November 2021, nine years ahead of schedule, and that India became the first G20 nation to do so. Business Standard reports that India's non-fossil power capacity, including nuclear power and large hydropower, stood at 304 GW at the end of August 2026, and that the remarks come ahead of the COP31 climate summit next month in Antalya, Turkey.
Renewable energy capacity:
Around 300 gigawatts (GW)
Non-fossil capacity, end of August 2026 (as reported by Business Standard):
304 GW
Pledge met:
40 per cent non-fossil installed capacity, nine years ahead of 2030, as stated by the Prime Minister
Registered newspapers and publications:
Around 80,000
Why it matters for exams: Headline energy and economy figures cited in the Prime Minister's address, and the climate-summit calendar, are frequent current-affairs questions.
UPSCSSCBank
In plain words
G20 Group of Twenty — The forum of major economies; the Prime Minister said India was the first member to meet its 40 per cent non-fossil pledge.
COP31 31st Conference of the Parties — The climate summit due next month in Antalya, Turkey.
Background
The Telangana government announced four icons for the new State.
The State Bird is Palapitta (Indian Roller or Blue Jay) and the State Animal is Jinka (Deer).
The State Tree is Jammi Chettu (Prosopis Cineraria) and the State Flower is Tangedu (Tanner's Cassia).
Three of them, Tangedu flowers, Blue Jay and Jammi Chettu, are associated with the festivals of Batukamma and Dasara.
Tangedu flowers are used in stacking Batukammas, spotting the Blue Jay on Dasara is considered a good omen, and people worship Jammi Chettu on that day.
State Bird:
Palapitta (Indian Roller or Blue Jay)
State Animal:
Jinka (Deer)
State Tree:
Jammi Chettu (Prosopis Cineraria)
State Flower:
Tangedu (Tanner's Cassia)
Why it matters for exams: State symbols are a staple of state-level questions: bird Palapitta, animal Jinka, tree Jammi Chettu and flower Tangedu.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Batukamma Telangana festival associated with Dasara — A Telangana festival, associated with Dasara, for which women use Tangedu flowers in stacking Batukammas.
Palapitta Indian Roller — The State Bird of Telangana, also called Blue Jay.
13 October 2026
Chief Secretary Sanjay Jaju chaired a review of drinking water supply at the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Telangana State Secretariat on Tuesday, citing falling reservoir levels due to El Niño.
Hyderabad's Core Urban Region (CURE) has 560 million gallons per day (MGD) available from Osmansagar, Himayatsagar, Manjeera, Krishna and Godavari sources.
Plans are charted to utilise 60 MGD of additional water, including 15 MGD from the Krishna river and 5 MGD from Himayatsagar and Osmansagar.
Jaju said 80 MGD can be saved every day if people in the three Municipal Corporation limits conserve 20% of water.
Pipeline works to bring water from Mallanasagar, which has 56 TMC, will be completed by November, allowing an additional 20 MGD.
Officials were told to keep sewage treatment plants at gated communities and apartments fully operational and to promote treated water for non-domestic needs.
Water available in CURE sources:
560 MGD
Additional water planned:
60 MGD
Saving if 20% conserved:
80 MGD
Mallanasagar storage:
56 TMC
Extra supply from Mallanasagar pipeline:
20 MGD
Why it matters for exams: Hyderabad's water sources and the CURE concept: note the 560 MGD supply, 60 MGD planned addition and the 20% saving target.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
CURE Core Urban Region — The Hyderabad core urban area whose drinking-water supply was reviewed.
MGD Million gallons per day — A unit for the daily volume of water supplied or saved.
13 October 2026
Kerala has published a revised cadastral map of the Western Ghats ecologically sensitive area, based on its recommendations to the Union Environment Ministry. The proposed area falls from 9,993.7 sq km to 8,590.69 sq km, a cut of about 1,403 sq km, and 33 villages are excluded. In Idukki, 23 of 51 villages are excluded. In Pathanamthitta, the Sabarimala temple complex, Pampa and the Nilakkal parking ground are excluded. Kerala submitted its documents to the Centre on 24 September, in response to the seventh draft notification.
Earlier proposed area:
9,993.7 sq km
Revised area:
8,590.69 sq km
Villages excluded:
33
Idukki villages excluded:
23 of 51
Why it matters for exams: The Western Ghats ESA notification is a long-running environment and federalism topic, and the area and village figures are likely recall questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ESA Ecologically Sensitive Area — A zone where activities such as mining and large construction are restricted.
13 October 2026
Kerala has published a cadastral map of its ecologically sensitive areas (ESA) on the Environment Department website.
The proposed ESA area falls from 9,993.7 sq km to 8,590.69 sq km.
The map is based on documents Kerala sent to the Union Environment Ministry on 24 September, after the Ministry's seventh draft notification.
In Idukki, 23 of 51 villages are excluded, along with cardamom-cultivation areas in the Cardamom Hill Reserve.
In Pathanamthitta, the Sabarimala temple complex, Pampa and the Nilakkal parking ground are excluded.
The Munnar Gap Road stays in the ESA.
Proposed ESA area (revised):
8,590.69 sq km
Earlier area:
9,993.7 sq km
Villages excluded:
33
Idukki villages excluded:
23 of 51
Why it matters for exams: Western Ghats ESA limits are a recurring Kerala environment and governance topic.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ESA Ecologically Sensitive Area — An area around protected zones where activities are regulated to protect the environment.
CHR Cardamom Hill Reserve — A reserve in the Idukki hills where cardamom is cultivated.
Cadastral map Cadastral map — A map showing land boundaries in detail.
12 October 2026
Hurricane Simon was drifting westward as a Category 2 hurricane off west-central Mexico on 12 October 2026, the US National Hurricane Center (NHC) said. At 1100 AM MST its centre was about 95 km west-southwest of Cabo Corrientes with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). A Hurricane Warning was in effect for Las Islas Marias. Simon had weakened from Category 4. In Guerrero, a 71-year-old man died when a retaining wall collapsed on the outskirts of Chilpancingo, Governor Evelyn Salgado confirmed. The northeastern and central Pacific has had a record season with 21 named storms so far, partly because of El Niño.
Category:
Category 2
Maximum sustained winds:
105 mph (165 km/h)
Named storms this Pacific season:
21
Why it matters for exams: Tropical cyclone categories, warning agencies and the El Niño link are core physical geography questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
NHC National Hurricane Center — The US agency in Miami that issues forecasts for Atlantic and eastern Pacific hurricanes.
Saffir-Simpson scale Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale — A 1-to-5 rating of hurricanes by sustained wind speed.
12 October 2026
Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav inaugurated the new office premises of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) at 55 Lodhi Estate, New Delhi. IBCA is a treaty-based inter-governmental organisation headquartered in India for the conservation of seven big cats: Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Snow-Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar and Puma. India has pledged an initial contribution of Rs.150 crore for five years (2023-24 to 2027-28). So far 29 countries, including India, have joined as members, 5 have opted to be observers and 11 others have consented to join. Dr. S.P. Yadav is the Director General of IBCA.
Big cats covered:
7
Member countries:
29
India's initial contribution:
Rs.150 crore for five years
Why it matters for exams: IBCA is an India-led international body; its seven species and membership figures are classic environment questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IBCA International Big Cat Alliance — An India-headquartered treaty body for conserving seven big cat species.
Background
This backgrounder is tied to Tamil Nadu's request on 11 October 2026 that the Godavari–Cauvery link be declared a national project. The link is made up of three links: Godavari (Inchampalli/Janampet) to Krishna (Nagarjunasagar), Krishna (Nagarjunasagar) to Pennar (Somasila), and Pennar (Somasila) to Cauvery (Grand Anicut). As per the draft Detailed Project Report, about 247 TMC of water could be diverted from the Godavari, lifted to Nagarjunasagar dam and moved south to serve the Krishna, Pennar and Cauvery basins. The National Water Development Agency completed the draft Detailed Project Report and sent it to the party States in March 2019. The project reaches the implementation stage only after the DPR is prepared with the consensus of the States concerned and statutory clearances are obtained; the draft DPR put its cost at ₹60,361 crore at 2018-19 prices.
Links:
Godavari–Krishna, Krishna–Pennar, Pennar–Cauvery
Water to be diverted:
about 247 TMC
End point:
Cauvery (Grand Anicut)
Draft DPR:
sent to party States in March 2019
Why it matters for exams: River-interlinking components, reservoirs and the role of the NWDA are standard UPSC geography and environment questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
NWDA National Water Development Agency — The Union body that prepares feasibility and project reports for linking rivers.
TMC Thousand million cubic feet — A unit of water volume commonly used for reservoirs and river flows in South India.
Grand Anicut Grand Anicut (Kallanai) — The ancient dam on the Cauvery in Tamil Nadu, traditionally credited to the Chola king Karikala.
12 October 2026
The Telangana Renewable Energy Development Corporation Ltd (TGREDCO) and the Telangana Power Generation Corporation Ltd (TG-Genco) released tender documents on 12 October 2026 for a diversified renewable energy portfolio of 5,800 MW.
The package has 3,000 MW of solar power integrated with a 6,000 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS), 800 MW of wind power and 2,000 MW of renewable energy round-the-clock (RE-RTC) power.
A separate 2,000 MWh firm and dispatchable renewable energy (FDRE) battery storage is also being procured.
The solar-with-storage, wind and RE-RTC contracts run for 25 years each, while the FDRE storage contract is for 15 years.
Officials said the State's peak electricity demand has already reached 19,892 MW, pushed up by industrial expansion, urbanisation, data centres, electric mobility and irrigation.
The projects will be awarded through competitive bidding and will be developed, financed, owned and operated by private developers, so the State takes on no capital investment, budgetary support or State guarantee.
Total renewable capacity tendered:
5,800 MW
Solar with storage:
3,000 MW with 6,000 MWh BESS
Wind power:
800 MW
Round-the-clock renewable power:
2,000 MW (RE-RTC)
FDRE battery storage:
2,000 MWh for 15 years
State peak demand:
19,892 MW
Why it matters for exams: Capacity figures, storage terms like BESS and FDRE, and the agencies that procure power are frequently asked in energy questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BESS Battery Energy Storage System — Batteries that store surplus electricity and release it when demand peaks.
RE-RTC Renewable Energy Round-The-Clock — Renewable supply contracted to be available through all hours of the day.
FDRE Firm and Dispatchable Renewable Energy — Renewable power that can be supplied on demand at a promised level.
TG-Genco Telangana Power Generation Corporation Limited — The State company that generates electricity in Telangana.
12 October 2026
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification issued an alert on Monday, 12 October 2026, saying an El Nino-induced drought affecting roughly half of Sudan is compounding the effects of conflict and displacement in Greater Darfur and Greater Kordofan.
In two camps for displaced people in Eastern Jebel Marra, South Darfur, acute malnutrition among children stood at 38 and 30.8 per cent, above the threshold for famine.
Of the 17 nutrition surveys carried out across Greater Darfur since January, 13 found critical levels of acute malnutrition.
In Nyala the share of children seeking nutrition services who were admitted for severe acute malnutrition more than doubled between January and August, from about 5 to 11 per cent.
In North Darfur 64 per cent of cropland shows poor plant growth, and Western Kordofan is in one of its worst droughts since 2004.
More than 300,000 people have been driven from their homes in Greater Kordofan since October 2025, and markets there have been hit by more than 170 airstrikes, looting incidents or armed clashes this year.
The IPC Famine Review Committee said there is not enough survey data for a full analysis but that "we are witnessing a humanitarian catastrophe, already of historic proportions".
As of 8 October less than half of the humanitarian appeal for Sudan had been funded; the IPC is a partnership of 21 organisations, among them UNICEF, the World Bank, the World Food Programme and the World Health Organization.
Alert issued:
12 October 2026
Drought coverage:
roughly half of Sudan
Nyala severe acute malnutrition admissions:
from about 5 to 11 per cent, January to August
Displaced in Greater Kordofan since October 2025:
more than 300,000
IPC partners:
21 organisations
Why it matters for exams: The IPC's five-phase scale, its famine thresholds and the El Nino link make this the standard template for a food-security question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification — A partnership of 21 agencies that grades food crises on a five-phase scale, with Phase 5 the most severe.
El Nino — A warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific that shifts rainfall patterns worldwide and can bring drought to eastern Africa's drylands.
Severe acute malnutrition — The most dangerous form of undernutrition in children, needing therapeutic feeding and often medical care.
Famine Review Committee — The independent panel of experts within the IPC that must sign off before famine is declared.
12 October 2026
In a government video conference with farmers on Monday, agriculture scientists recommended a crop holiday, especially for paddy, and a shift to crops that need less water.
Agriculture Minister Tummala Nageswara Rao advised farmers against paddy and cotton in the Rabi season; seeds of rain-fed and short-duration crops would be supplied at subsidised prices.
Recommended crops include green gram, black gram, chickpea and groundnut, and oilseeds such as sunflower, sesame and safflower.
Chief Secretary Sanjay Jaju said the State recorded a rainfall deficit of approximately 20 per cent; Krishna basin inflows stood at 80 TMC against an expected 270 TMC, and Godavari basin inflows at 100 TMC against 150 TMC.
Highest priority will go to drinking-water supplies over the next 10 months, with war rooms at State and district levels.
An emergency Cabinet meeting will be convened on the El Niño situation.
Rainfall deficit (approx.):
20 per cent
Krishna basin inflows:
80 TMC (expected 270 TMC)
Godavari basin inflows:
100 TMC (expected 150 TMC)
Priority period for drinking water:
next 10 months
Crops advised against in Rabi:
Paddy and cotton
Why it matters for exams: El Niño and drought response is a current Telangana theme: note the crop-holiday recommendation for paddy and the Krishna 80 TMC vs 270 TMC shortfall.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
El Niño Warm phase of the Pacific climate cycle — A climate phenomenon that the Meteorological Department official linked to deficient rainfall and a rise in temperatures.
TMC Thousand million cubic feet — A unit used to measure the volume of water in reservoirs and river inflows.
12 October 2026
According to officials, the State Government has initiated a renewable energy procurement programme through Telangana Renewable Energy Development Corporation Ltd (TGREDCO) and Telangana Power Generation Corporation Ltd (TG-Genco).
Tender documents will be released for 3,000 MW of solar power integrated with a 6,000 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS), 800 MW of wind power, 2,000 MW of renewable energy round-the-clock (RE-RTC) power and a 2,000 MWh FDRE BESS.
Peak electricity demand in the State has already reached 19,892 MW.
The solar, wind and RE-RTC procurements are for 25 years each; the 2,000 MWh FDRE BESS is for 15 years.
Projects will be developed, financed, owned and operated by private developers through competitive bidding, without capital investment, budgetary support or State Government guarantee.
Peak electricity demand:
19,892 MW
Solar power with BESS:
3,000 MW with 6,000 MWh
Wind power:
800 MW
RE-RTC power:
2,000 MW
FDRE BESS:
2,000 MWh (15 years)
Why it matters for exams: Telangana's energy mix and agencies: note TGREDCO and TG-Genco, the 19,892 MW peak demand and the 3,000 + 800 + 2,000 = 5,800 MW total.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BESS Battery Energy Storage System — A battery system that stores electricity, for example from solar, to supply it later.
RE-RTC Renewable energy round-the-clock — Renewable power supplied across all hours of the day.
11 October 2026
The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (DESW) of the Ministry of Defence said on 11 October 2026 that it is taking part in the Government of India's nationwide Special Campaign 6.0.
The campaign runs from October 2 to October 31, 2026, and aims to institutionalise Swachhata and reduce pendency in government processes.
DESW is prioritising the collection, segregation and disposal of e-waste in line with the E-Waste (Management) Rules, under the idea of 'Waste to Wealth'.
Its offices are holding cleanliness drives and Shramdaan, and streamlining the disposal of grievances and Parliamentary assurances.
The department says it wants to turn campaign-based steps into lasting administrative practice for the service of veterans.
Campaign period:
October 2 to October 31, 2026
Edition:
Special Campaign 6.0
Why it matters for exams: Special Campaign drives on cleanliness and pending files, and the e-waste rules, are recurring governance and environment topics.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
DESW Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare — The department of the Ministry of Defence that handles the welfare and resettlement of ex-servicemen.
Shramdaan Voluntary labour — Voluntary physical work offered for a common cause, such as cleaning.