6 October 2026
A Supreme Court bench of Justice Vikram Nath, Justice Sandeep Mehta and Justice Augustine George Masih reserved judgment on October 6, 2026.
The matter is SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies versus Bar Council of India, and the pleas were filed by the Bar Council of India and the institute.
The Delhi High Court had ruled in November 2025, in a suo motu proceeding, that students in recognised law institutions cannot be barred from examinations or further study only for falling short of minimum attendance.
That judgment also held that institutions cannot fix attendance norms above the minimum percentage set by the Bar Council of India, and asked the Council to re-examine its norms after consulting stakeholders.
The Supreme Court had earlier stayed paragraph 249 of the High Court judgment, which barred institutions from detaining students for attendance shortfalls.
It had also granted one-time relief to students whose academic sessions were running on November 3, 2025, allowing them to appear for final and supplementary examinations despite attendance shortages.
Bench:
Justices Vikram Nath, Sandeep Mehta and Augustine George Masih
High Court judgment under appeal:
Delhi High Court, November 2025
Paragraph stayed:
Paragraph 249
Why it matters for exams: The case fixes the line between a regulator's minimum standard and a university's own rule, which is the sort of question asked in polity and in education policy papers alike.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BCI Bar Council of India — The statutory body that regulates legal education and the legal profession in India.
Suo motu On the court's own motion — A proceeding a court begins itself, without a petition being filed before it.
6 October 2026
Justice Jobin Sebastian of the Kerala High Court held that a low IQ or an intellectual disability does not, by itself, render an accused incapable of entering upon his defence.
The test, the Court said, is the accused's functional capacity to understand the proceedings and take part in them.
The ruling came in a criminal revision petition by the sole accused in a POCSO case, who sought postponement of the trial under Section 368 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
The petitioner relied on a Medical Board report recording an IQ of 35 and a psychiatrist's report placing his social age at about ten years.
Both the psychiatrist and the Medical Board found him fit, and the Court noted he could instruct his counsel, follow the proceedings and give coherent answers.
The High Court found the trial court had followed the Section 368 procedure and had weighed the medical evidence properly, and dismissed the revision petition.
The neutral citation of the judgment is 2026:KER:75844.
Provision:
Section 368, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
Judge:
Justice Jobin Sebastian
Neutral citation:
2026:KER:75844
Why it matters for exams: The new criminal procedure code is live syllabus, and Section 368 BNSS on trying a person of unsound mind is a provision whose test the High Court has now spelt out.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BNSS Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 — The criminal procedure law that replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
Criminal revision petition — A petition asking a higher court to examine the legality of an order of a subordinate criminal court.
POCSO Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — The central law dealing with sexual offences against children, tried by designated special courts.
6 October 2026
Justice A. Badharudeen of the Kerala High Court held that a man who suppressed an existing live-in relationship and a three-year-old child born of it, while a marriage was being arranged, used 'deceitful means' within Section 69 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.
The case is Udayan v. X and Ors., reported as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 553.
The prosecution invoked Section 69 BNS (sexual intercourse by deceitful means), Section 318(4) BNS (cheating) and Section 3(2)(va) of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, the woman being from an SC/ST community.
The Court said the concealment amounted to deceit regardless of his contention that he was willing to marry her.
The appeal against the Special Court's refusal of anticipatory bail was dismissed and he was directed to surrender before the investigating officer.
Judge:
Justice A. Badharudeen
Citation:
2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 553
Sections invoked:
Section 69 BNS, Section 318(4) BNS, Section 3(2)(va) SC/ST Act
Why it matters for exams: Section 69 is a new offence created by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, and early High Court readings of it are frequently asked.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BNS Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita — The penal code that replaced the Indian Penal Code.
Anticipatory bail Bail granted before arrest — An order protecting a person from arrest in a case yet to reach the stage of custody.
6 October 2026
Minister for Forests, Wildlife and Skill Development Shibu Baby John inaugurated the Kollam district level launch of the 'Nirmalam Puthuyuga Shuchitwa Keralam' programme on 6 October 2026.
The function was held on the grounds of Fatima Mata National College in Kollam, and Mayor A K Hafeez took part.
The programme aims to take waste management forward, to make local self government institutions zero waste, and to build habits of cleanliness through public participation.
Segregation of waste at source is one of the stated methods of the campaign.
Programme:
Nirmalam Puthuyuga Shuchitwa Keralam
District launch:
Kollam, 6 October 2026
Goal:
Zero waste local self government institutions
Why it matters for exams: Kerala's sanitation campaigns and the zero waste target for local bodies are frequently asked in state current affairs.
Kerala PSC
In plain words
Source segregation Segregation of waste at source — Separating biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste at the house or establishment where it is generated.
6 October 2026
Justice G Girish ordered the investigation transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation in Balan P K v State of Kerala, WP(C) 25341/2012, reported as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 555.
Rifle Man Subash Chandra Bose P of the Third Battalion, Tripura State Rifles, went missing on 4 April 2012 while travelling by train from Kerala to Guwahati after his leave.
His father had seen him off at Ernakulam railway station; the jawan telephoned from Visakhapatnam saying he was unwell and never reached his posting.
The cases registered by the Railway Police Station, Ernakulam, and the Visakhapatnam Government Railway Police were handed to the CBI after 14 years without a result.
The court directed the police chiefs of Kerala and Andhra Pradesh to transmit all investigation records to the CBI officer assigned the case.
The judgment said the peaceful sleep of the civilian is at the cost of the sleepless nights, vigilance and sacrifice of the soldier, and that society owes a responsibility to stand by the soldier.
Case:
WP(C) 25341/2012
Citation:
2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 555
Date of disappearance:
4 April 2012
Years without result:
14
Why it matters for exams: Transfer of an investigation to the CBI by a High Court under its writ jurisdiction is a recurring polity and judiciary question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
WP(C) Writ Petition (Civil) — A petition to a High Court under Article 226 asking it to enforce a right or correct an authority's inaction.
6 October 2026
A new report released by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, produced with the World Health Organization and the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa, examines the illicit market in medical products. From 2020 through 2025 authorities seized 251 tonnes of medical products in Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic and Chad. Annual seizures rose from about five tonnes in 2020 to nearly 116 tonnes in 2024, before exceeding 97 tonnes in 2025. Cameroon accounted for nearly all seizures recorded in 2025, with 96 tonnes intercepted against just 2.5 tonnes five years earlier. The products ranged from antibiotics and antimalarials to painkillers and psychoactive substances such as tramadol and pregabalin. From 2013 to 2025 WHO surveillance recorded incidents involving 228 medical products in the bloc, of which 71 per cent were classified as falsified and 11 per cent as substandard. In 2023 the WHO universal health-coverage index placed all six countries of the bloc among the world's poorest performers, with Chad scoring 26 out of 100 against a global average of 71.
Seized 2020-2025:
251 tonnes
Cameroon seizures in 2025:
96 tonnes
Share classified as falsified:
71 per cent
Chad's universal health-coverage score:
26 out of 100
Why it matters for exams: Falsified and substandard medicines, the WHO universal health-coverage index and CEMAC are examinable health-governance topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime — The UN office that researches and counters drugs, crime and trafficking.
CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa — A regional bloc of six Central African countries.
6 October 2026
Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacted with Board members of the Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) at Seva Teerth.
He said technology must become a tool for inclusive and sustainable development, and stressed democratising access to technology.
He said digital services must be made affordable for the Global South so that the digital divide does not widen.
On digital and cyber fraud he said the answer requires technology-driven solutions, along with user awareness campaigns about fraudulent calls.
He called for global standards and mechanisms that let users identify deepfakes and the origin of AI-generated content.
He described Digital Public Infrastructure as transformative for developing nations.
Minister of Communications Jyotiraditya Scindia and Minister of State Dr Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar were present.
GSMA Board members pointed to cooperation opportunities in 5G, 6G, AI, cybersecurity, digital inclusion and satellite connectivity.
Venue:
Seva Teerth
Minister of Communications:
Jyotiraditya Scindia
Areas of cooperation named:
5G, 6G, AI, cybersecurity, digital inclusion, satellite connectivity
Why it matters for exams: Telecom diplomacy, Digital Public Infrastructure and deepfake regulation are standing themes in governance and science questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
GSMA Global System for Mobile Communications Association — An industry association of mobile network operators worldwide.
DPI Digital Public Infrastructure — Shared digital systems such as identity, payments and data exchange built as public utilities.
6 October 2026
Djibouti is facing overlapping emergencies as refugees fleeing the conflict in Yemen arrive on its shores while migrants continue to travel in the opposite direction, the International Organization for Migration said.
More than 3,700 refugees reached the Horn of Africa country in the preceding three weeks after a dangerous crossing of the Red Sea, said Alexandre Coissac, head of IOM's mission in Djibouti, briefing journalists in Geneva.
At the same time IOM has recorded more than 20,000 journeys made from Ethiopia since 10 September by migrants heading for Yemen in the hope of finding work in the Gulf, and a further 539 Ethiopian migrants arrived from Yemen on their way home.
Between 20 and 30 September more than 3,000 stranded migrants were observed along migratory routes in Djibouti, facing dehydration, exhaustion and shortages of food and water.
IOM said it had received reports of migrants dying in the desert near the border with Ethiopia, and that migrants were increasingly using secondary routes, making them harder to reach.
Mr Coissac said most migrants bound for Yemen were unaware of the grave situation there as fighting between government and Houthi forces intensifies.
Refugees arriving in Djibouti in three weeks:
more than 3,700
Journeys from Ethiopia since 10 September:
more than 20,000
Stranded migrants observed, 20-30 September:
more than 3,000
Why it matters for exams: The Eastern Route across the Red Sea and the mandate of IOM are frequently asked in questions on migration and the Horn of Africa.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IOM International Organization for Migration — The UN agency for migration, which assists migrants and runs voluntary return programmes.
Horn of Africa Horn of Africa — The peninsula of north-east Africa comprising Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia.
6 October 2026
Sixty-nine Palestinians, more than half of them children, were displaced after Israeli authorities cleared the demolition of their residential building in the At Tur area of occupied East Jerusalem.
The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said this is the highest number of people displaced in a single demolition in occupied East Jerusalem since UN records began in 2009.
Families told the UN and humanitarian partners that Israeli forces had prevented them from retrieving their belongings, which are now under rubble.
UN aid partners assessed the families' immediate needs and provided rent support and other essential items.
So far in 2026, Israeli authorities have demolished, or forced owners to demolish, the homes of more than 1,800 Palestinians across the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem.
OCHA said most were demolished for lacking Israeli-issued building permits, which are rarely granted to Palestinians in the affected areas.
People displaced:
69
UN records began:
2009
Palestinians whose homes were demolished in 2026:
more than 1,800
Why it matters for exams: Demolitions and displacement in the occupied Palestinian territory recur in questions on West Asia and on the UN humanitarian system.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs — The UN office that coordinates relief work by UN agencies and other aid bodies in emergencies.
At Tur At Tur, occupied East Jerusalem — A Palestinian neighbourhood on the Mount of Olives ridge in occupied East Jerusalem.
6 October 2026
Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav led the Indian delegation at the UNFCCC's Pre-COP31 meetings, co-hosted by Australia, Fiji and Tuvalu.
Addressing the Leaders' Plenary in Fiji, he called for equal attention to adaptation, mitigation and means of implementation as the world moves towards COP31.
He said the principles of Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities must be upheld in letter and spirit, and that there cannot be a one-size-fits-all pathway to climate action.
India offered to share its coastal resilience and space-based expertise with its Pacific partners, citing the work of the Indian Space Research Organisation, the National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management and the National Centre for Coastal Research.
The Minister listed Indian expertise in coastal vulnerability assessment, shoreline change mapping, marine spatial plans, integrated coastal management plans and the Blue Economy, and in shoreline monitoring, inundation assessment, cyclone early warning and climate-risk assessment using Earth-observation capabilities.
Referring to his visit to Tuvalu, he said the Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project showed how the provision of means of implementation translates into resilience on the ground.
Pre-COP is a preparatory meeting held a few weeks before the annual UN Climate Change Conference, which this year will be held in Antalya, Türkiye, in November.
Pre-COP31 co-hosts:
Australia, Fiji and Tuvalu
COP31 venue:
Antalya, Türkiye
COP31 month:
November
Indian bodies named:
ISRO, NCSCM, NCCR
Why it matters for exams: The venue of COP31, the Pre-COP hosts and the CBDR-RC principle are frequently asked environment questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Pre-COP Pre-Conference of the Parties meeting — A preparatory ministerial meeting held a few weeks before the annual UN Climate Change Conference.
CBDR-RC Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities — The climate negotiation principle that all countries must act but their obligations differ with their historical responsibility and capacity.
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change — The 1992 treaty under which the annual climate conferences are held.
Means of implementation Means of implementation — In climate talks, the finance, technology transfer and capacity building that developing countries need to deliver climate action.
NCSCM National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management — A centre under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change working on coastal zone management.
6 October 2026
Population Enumeration for Census 2027 has been completed in the designated snow-bound areas of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh, covering 5,292 Enumeration Blocks: 4,597 in Jammu & Kashmir and 695 in Ladakh.
This was announced by Amit Sharma, Chief Principal Census Officer and Director Census Operations for Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
The exercise was preceded by a Self-Enumeration phase from 17 to 31 August 2026 and field enumeration from 1 to 30 September 2026.
Ladakh has become the first Union Territory in the country to complete Population Enumeration for Census 2027, covering all 695 Enumeration Blocks, 367 in Leh and 328 in Kargil.
In Jammu & Kashmir the snow-bound enumeration covered 16 districts and 95 Charges. Doda recorded the highest number of completed Enumeration Blocks at 798, followed by Kishtwar with 602, Ramban with 418, Anantnag with 377 and Baramulla with 359.
Kishtwar, declared fully snow-bound, has become the first district in the country to complete Population Enumeration for Census 2027.
Enumeration was also completed in 125 Special Charges of Defence and Central Armed Police Forces in the snow-bound areas of Jammu & Kashmir and 47 Special Charges in Ladakh.
Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, Mritunjay Kumar Narayan, visited Jammu & Kashmir in August and Ladakh in September to review the exercise.
Enumeration Blocks covered:
5,292
Jammu & Kashmir:
4,597 Enumeration Blocks
Ladakh:
695 Enumeration Blocks
First district to complete:
Kishtwar
Self-Enumeration phase:
17 to 31 August 2026
Why it matters for exams: Census 2027 phases, the first-completing district and Union Territory, and the Registrar General's office are direct examination facts.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Enumeration Block Enumeration Block (EB) — The smallest census field unit, a cluster of households assigned to one enumerator.
Population Enumeration Population Enumeration — The census phase in which every person is counted and their particulars recorded.
Special Charge Special Charge — A census charge created for defence and armed police establishments, enumerated under separate arrangements.
Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India — The officer under the Ministry of Home Affairs who conducts the census and maintains civil registration.
6 October 2026
At a high-level review of the Health Department on 6 October 2026, Health and Devaswom Minister K Muraleedharan said the distribution of life-saving drugs, lifestyle disease medicines and antibiotics in government hospitals has been streamlined. Steps have been taken to ensure that medicines bought through KMSCL move in full from district stores to health centres. The meeting was told that several cancer, heart disease and mental illness medicines will be fully available shortly and that institutions are meanwhile using local purchase, and KMSCL said Factor 9 would be delivered within two days of a requirement. The minister asked district-level medicine monitoring committees to track stock at every institution and act before shortages arise, and asked for coordination with other departments and local bodies against dengue and rat fever. He also sought a review of extending 24-hour specialist services to more institutions and monitoring of 108 ambulance operations. Health Principal Secretary Dr Sharmila Mary Joseph, National Health Mission Director Dr Renu Raj, Health Services Director Dr V Meenakshi and Medical Education Director Dr K V Vishwanathan attended.
Factor 9 supply time promised:
Within two days
Health and Devaswom Minister:
K Muraleedharan
Why it matters for exams: KMSCL, the National Health Mission and Kerala's district health machinery recur in Kerala PSC health questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
KMSCL Kerala Medical Services Corporation Limited — The State agency that buys and supplies medicines and equipment to government health institutions in Kerala.
Factor 9 Coagulation factor IX — A clotting protein given to people with haemophilia B to stop bleeding.
Rat fever Leptospirosis — A bacterial disease spread through water contaminated by the urine of rats and other animals.
6 October 2026
Food and Civil Supplies Minister Anoop Jacob wrote to Union Minister of State for Petroleum Suresh Gopi on 6 October 2026 asking that Kerala's quarterly kerosene allocation be raised to 9,564 kilolitres from the present 4,068 kilolitres. The letter says the cut in the central quota has caused a severe shortage, the allocation for the October-December quarter having fallen to 4,068 kilolitres from 5,676 kilolitres. At present yellow card holders get one litre a quarter while pink, blue and white card holders get half a litre, and the State says it has no option but to raise the half-litre entitlement to one litre. The letter adds that coastal, hilly and remote areas depend heavily on subsidised kerosene, that limits on LPG distribution have pushed up kerosene demand, and that traditional fishing boats need kerosene in proportion to engine capacity. The release was issued as P.N.X. 4175/2026.
Quarterly quota sought:
9,564 kilolitres
Present quarterly quota:
4,068 kilolitres
Previous quarterly allocation:
5,676 kilolitres
Why it matters for exams: Centre-State allocation of subsidised fuel and the ration card colour categories are frequently examined.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Kilolitre Kilolitre — A volume of one thousand litres, the unit in which fuel quotas are fixed.
Yellow card Yellow ration card — The ration card issued in Kerala to the poorest households under the Antyodaya category.
6 October 2026
KSRTC told the Kerala State Senior Citizens Commission on 6 October 2026 that it will create a facility within the existing online registration system for its buses to reserve seats for senior citizens. Managing Director Dr Pramoj Shankar gave the assurance at a meeting between KSRTC and the Commission on age-friendly travel. KSRTC authorities said they would also examine lowering the height of bus door steps and shifting the seats reserved for the elderly from above the tyre to other positions. Commission member Amaravila Ramakrishnan, Secretary G Vinod and Registrar Sharada T R took part. The Information and Public Relations Department issued the release as P.N.X. 4177/2026.
KSRTC Managing Director:
Dr Pramoj Shankar
Release number:
P.N.X. 4177/2026
Why it matters for exams: Kerala PSC asks about KSRTC's administrative structure and about welfare measures for senior citizens.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
KSRTC Kerala State Road Transport Corporation — The State-owned bus corporation that runs public road transport in Kerala.
Senior Citizens Commission Kerala State Senior Citizens Commission — A State body that takes up the welfare and grievances of elderly people in Kerala.
Background
The Government replaced the Planning Commission with a new institution named NITI Aayog, constituted on 01-January-2015.
The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson.
The Governing Council comprises the Chief Ministers of all the States and the Lt. Governors of Union Territories.
The Vice-Chairperson is appointed by the Prime Minister, as is the Chief Executive Officer, for a fixed tenure in the rank of Secretary to the Government of India.
A maximum of 4 members of the Union Council of Ministers are nominated as ex-officio members.
Regional Councils are formed for issues affecting more than one state or a region, convened by the Prime Minister.
Constituted on:
01-January-2015
Chairperson:
Prime Minister of India
Governing Council:
Chief Ministers of all States and Lt. Governors of Union Territories
Ex-officio members:
Maximum of 4
Why it matters for exams: Its composition and its replacement of the Planning Commission are standard polity and economy questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Aayog Commission (Hindi) — The Hindi word for a commission.
Special invitees Experts nominated by the PM — Domain experts nominated by the Prime Minister.
Background
UNICEF was established in the aftermath of World War II.
Its purpose was to help children whose lives and futures were at risk.
That help was for every child in need, no matter what role their country had played in the war.
Since 1946, its mandate has not wavered.
Today UNICEF operates the world's largest humanitarian warehouse and oversees a logistics network.
Established:
1946
Context:
aftermath of World War II
Why it matters for exams: The origin and purpose of UN agencies such as UNICEF are standard institution questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
Background
Collective defence is NATO's most fundamental principle.
Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty says an armed attack against one NATO member shall be considered an attack against all members.
It triggers an obligation for each member to come to the assistance of the one attacked.
That assistance may or may not involve the use of armed force.
NATO invoked Article 5 for the first and only time in its history after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Treaty article:
Article 5
Principle:
collective defence
Times invoked:
once
Why it matters for exams: Article 5 and its link to Article 51 of the UN Charter are common defence and polity questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Collective defence Mutual defence among allies — An attack on one ally is treated as an attack on all.
Background
Article 27 of the UN Charter gives each Security Council member one vote.
Decisions on procedural matters need an affirmative vote of nine members.
Decisions on all other matters need nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members.
The permanent members are China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States.
A permanent member that does not fully agree but does not wish to veto may abstain, and the resolution is adopted if it has nine favourable votes.
Charter article:
Article 27
Votes needed:
nine
Permanent members:
five
Why it matters for exams: Article 27 and the veto are staple questions on how the Security Council works.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Veto A permanent member's negative vote — A negative vote by a permanent member blocks a non-procedural decision.
6 October 2026
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), India will hold an Open Hearing and Camp Sitting at Gyan Bhawan, Patna, on 7 and 8 October 2026. On 7 October a full Commission sitting will be held with Chairperson Justice V. Ramasubramanian and Members Justice (Dr.) Bidyut Ranjan Sarangi and Smt. Vijaya Bharathi Sayani. On 8 October the Chairperson will hear bonded labour cases, while a Division Bench of Justice Sarangi and Smt. Sayani will take up compliance and other human rights complaints. The Commission will also interact with civil society organisations, NGOs and human rights defenders and meet senior state officers. The NHRC has held such camp sittings in states since 2007.
Venue:
Gyan Bhawan, Patna
Dates:
7 and 8 October 2026
Chairperson:
Justice V. Ramasubramanian
Why it matters for exams: NHRC composition and functions are standard polity questions; a Patna sitting links them to Bihar.
UPSC
In plain words
Camp Sitting Commission sitting held outside Delhi — The NHRC meets in a state to hear complaints on the spot.
Bonded labour Labour under debt bondage — A practice abolished by law in India.
Background
Nepal's 2015 Constitution established a secular federal-style republic.
It divides the country into seven provinces.
The legislature is bicameral, with two chambers.
The monarchy was dissolved in 2008 and Nepal was declared a republic.
All citizens aged 18 and over can vote.
Constitution:
2015
Provinces:
seven
Legislature:
bicameral
Republic declared:
2008
Why it matters for exams: Constitutional structure and the shift from monarchy to republic are standard polity questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Bicameral Bicameral — A legislature with two chambers.