28 October 2026
Peru's Congress has approved a supplementary credit of up to S/ 8 228,4 million. The money was divided four ways: S/ 702,9 million to guard against the effects of El Nino, S/ 2 308,6 million to keep essential services running, S/ 3 620,2 million for public investment and equipment, and S/ 1 596,7 million for unavoidable obligations. The measure came as Proposicion de Ley 5-2026-2031-CR. Its substitute text was cleared on 22 October by the Comision Bicameral de Presupuesto y de la Cuenta General de la Republica, whose chair Jose Arista Arbildo put it to the floor. The Chamber of Deputies passed it 83 to 10 with 27 abstentions, and the Senate 37 to 10 with 6 abstentions. Peru returned to a two-chamber Congress with the 2026 general election, so a national budget measure now has to clear both houses.
Total supplementary credit:
S/ 8 228,4 million
For El Nino prevention:
S/ 702,9 million
For public investment and equipment:
S/ 3 620,2 million
Chamber of Deputies vote:
83 for, 10 against, 27 abstentions
Why it matters for exams: Peru's Congress is bicameral again from 2026, with a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate, and its budget scrutiny now sits with the Comision Bicameral de Presupuesto y de la Cuenta General de la Republica.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Credito suplementario Supplementary credit — An addition to the approved annual budget, voted during the financial year.
Sol Peruvian sol — Peru's currency, written S/.
28 October 2026
Peru's Ministry of Culture has conferred the distinction Personalidad Meritoria de la Cultura on Felix Edilberto Quispe Saire, a player of the Andean harp. The order, Resolucion Ministerial N.o 000395-2026-MC, was published in the official gazette El Peruano. It cites his career in spreading traditional music and his work in safeguarding the Danza de las Tijeras, or Scissors Dance, of Ayacucho. The Scissors Dance is a ritual dance of Quechua communities in Peru's south-central Andes, in which dancers compete in turn to the sound of harp and violin while handling a pair of loose metal blades. UNESCO inscribed it on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010. Personalidad Meritoria de la Cultura is the standing honour by which Peru's culture ministry recognises individuals and groups who sustain the country's living heritage.
Honour:
Personalidad Meritoria de la Cultura
Order:
Resolucion Ministerial N.o 000395-2026-MC
UNESCO inscription of the Scissors Dance:
2010, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Why it matters for exams: The Scissors Dance of Peru's south-central Andes is on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, inscribed in 2010, and Peru's culture ministry honours its bearers as Personalidad Meritoria de la Cultura.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Danza de las Tijeras Scissors Dance — A competitive ritual dance of Quechua communities in Peru's south-central Andes.
Personalidad Meritoria de la Cultura Meritorious Personality of Culture — A standing honour of Peru's Ministry of Culture for bearers of living heritage.
27 October 2026
The Minister of Energy and Mines, Guillermo Shinno Huamani, has presented the Executive's MAPE bill to the Energy and Mines Committee of Peru's Chamber of Deputies. MAPE stands for pequena mineria y mineria artesanal, that is small-scale and artisanal mining. The bill would create a single framework to authorise, regulate, supervise, trace and promote such mining across the country, and to keep minerals of illegal origin out of formal trade. It sets two regimes. A permanent ordinary regime would require sector authorisation and environmental certification, with reporting, traceability and oversight. A temporary consolidation regime, closed to new entrants, would cover only those on the REINFO register as of 31 December 2026 and would run until 30 June 2028, giving them time to meet pending requirements. The committee is chaired by Yenifer Paredes Navarro, who said the central problem is the exploitation contracts. Deputies cited an estimate that illegal mining moves about US$18 billion against about US$2 billion for drug trafficking, and about 31 000 people are on the REINFO register.
MAPE:
Small-scale and artisanal mining
REINFO cut-off:
31 December 2026
Consolidation regime runs to:
30 June 2028
People on the REINFO register:
About 31 000
Why it matters for exams: Peru's MAPE bill, presented by Energy and Mines Minister Guillermo Shinno Huamani, would set an ordinary and a consolidation regime for small-scale and artisanal mining, the latter closed to those not on the REINFO register by 31 December 2026.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
MAPE Pequena mineria y mineria artesanal — Peru's term for small-scale and artisanal mining.
REINFO Registro Integral de Formalizacion Minera — Peru's register of miners in the process of becoming formal.
27 October 2026
The Justice and Human Rights Committee of Peru's Chamber of Deputies has approved two reports, known as dictamenes. The first, grouping seven proposals, would amend the Codigo Penal and the Codigo Procesal Penal and repeal Ley 32104, setting new limits on how long a criminal prescription period may be suspended. It passed by 12 votes to 6 with 6 abstentions. The second, grouping four proposals, would amend Decreto Legislativo 1373 on extincion de dominio, the civil forfeiture of unlawfully obtained assets. It would restore the procedure's independence from criminal trials, so the State may seek forfeiture without a final criminal judgment, removing the restrictions added by Ley 32326. The burden of proving illicit origin stays with the Ministerio Publico, with protections for good-faith buyers and a review mechanism for judicial decisions. It passed by 11 votes to 8 with 1 abstention. The chamber's presidency had ordered urgent processing within 15 business days. The committee is chaired by Catherin Palomino Casavilca.
Forfeiture law amended:
Decreto Legislativo 1373
Law repealed on prescription:
Ley 32104
Votes on the forfeiture report:
11 for, 8 against, 1 abstention
Why it matters for exams: Peru's extincion de dominio procedure rests on Decreto Legislativo 1373, and the Justice Committee's report would make it independent of a criminal judgment again by removing the restrictions of Ley 32326.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Extincion de dominio Asset forfeiture — A civil procedure by which the State takes assets of unlawful origin, separate from a criminal trial.
Dictamen Committee report — The formal report in which a Peruvian congressional committee recommends a text.
27 October 2026
Deputies on Peru's Science, Technological Innovation and Digital Society Committee have pressed the government to close digital gaps and to regulate the use of artificial intelligence. Ricardo Zapata De la Rosa, Secretary of Digital Government and Transformation at the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, appeared before them. He described a national digital transformation policy with a horizon of 2030, built on six priority objectives, 26 lines of action and 82 services. He said his sector is working on both the regulation and the promotion of artificial intelligence in public services. Deputies asked for a regulatory framework for artificial intelligence and for faster progress on connectivity. The committee is chaired by Diethell Columbus Murata. The exchange sits inside the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Congress that Peru restored to two chambers from 2026.
Policy horizon:
2030
Priority objectives:
Six
Lines of action:
26
Services:
82
Why it matters for exams: Peru's national digital transformation policy has a 2030 horizon with six priority objectives, 26 lines of action and 82 services, and is handled by the Secretariat of Digital Government and Transformation in the Presidency of the Council of Ministers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
PCM Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros — The office of Peru's Prime Minister, which houses the digital government secretariat.
27 October 2026
The Senate's Committee on State Management Affairs and Comptrollership has questioned the head of Peru's prison service. Abraham Alejandro Lescano Salazar, president of the Consejo Nacional Penitenciario, appeared before it. The Consejo Nacional Penitenciario is the governing body of the Instituto Nacional Penitenciario, INPE, which runs Peru's prisons under the Ministry of Justice. Senators raised stalled prison building, networks of illegal trade inside jails, and organised crime and extortion run from within. Senator Jorge Velasquez said a prison in Ucayali has been under construction for eleven years. Senator Katherine Ampuero questioned the 280 million soles projected for prison food in 2027. The committee is presided over by Senator Percy Osorio Palpan, and the session is part of the oversight work the Senate took up when Peru returned to a two-chamber Congress.
Prison service:
Instituto Nacional Penitenciario (INPE)
Governing body:
Consejo Nacional Penitenciario
Projected prison food budget for 2027:
280 million soles
Why it matters for exams: Peru's prisons are run by the Instituto Nacional Penitenciario, INPE, under the Ministry of Justice, and its governing body is the Consejo Nacional Penitenciario, headed by Abraham Alejandro Lescano Salazar.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
INPE Instituto Nacional Penitenciario — The Peruvian body that runs the country's prisons, under the Ministry of Justice.
27 October 2026
The Minister of Production, Juan Carlos Requejo Aleman, has appeared before the Production, Foreign Trade and Tourism Committee of Peru's Chamber of Deputies. He set out sector policy, measures to raise productivity and support for mypes, that is micro and small enterprises, through financing, technical help and public procurement. Deputies pressed for immediate mitigation for the south against the El Nino event. They noted that Peru's artisanal fishery involves 77 000 fishers and 23 000 vessels. Deputy Nery Fernandez Ninan asked for faster preliminary studies on the new artisanal fishing landing station at Ilo, valued at 180 million soles and to be financed through the obras por impuestos mechanism. Deputy Leo De Paz questioned delays in applying Ley 31749, which protects the first five nautical miles of Peru's sea. The committee is chaired by Marvin Palma.
Artisanal fishers:
77 000
Artisanal vessels:
23 000
Ilo landing station:
180 million soles
Five-mile protection law:
Ley 31749
Why it matters for exams: Peru's artisanal fishery involves 77 000 fishers and 23 000 vessels, and Ley 31749 protects the first five nautical miles of its sea for that fishery.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Mypes Micro y pequenas empresas — Micro and small enterprises, the Peruvian term for the smallest firms.
Obras por impuestos Works for taxes — A Peruvian mechanism letting companies build public works and set the cost against their taxes.
27 October 2026
The Agrarian Development and Irrigation Committee of Peru's Chamber of Deputies has reviewed the work of two state bodies. SENASA, the Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria, reported inspections of fields, markets and supermarkets to keep produce carrying banned pesticides off sale, and said 4 of 64 unannounced samples this year contained banned pesticides. Its escuelas de campo, or field schools, issue certificates and seals for good practice to farmers who train there. The Autoridad Nacional del Agua, ANA, reported work on 70 critical points across six regions, Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash and Lima, protecting about 64 000 people. The work is mainly descolmatacion, the desilting of rivers and channels before heavy rain. Progress stood at 50 per cent in Lima, 42 per cent in Piura, 38 per cent in Lambayeque and 33 per cent in La Libertad. The committee, chaired by Adrian Alvaron, also agreed to hold a session in Arequipa on 20 November.
Critical points under work:
70, across six regions
People protected:
About 64 000
Banned-pesticide samples:
4 of 64 unannounced samples
Why it matters for exams: Peru's plant and animal health service is SENASA and its water regulator is the Autoridad Nacional del Agua, which is desilting 70 critical points across six coastal regions to protect about 64 000 people.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
SENASA Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria — Peru's national agrarian health service, which inspects for plant and animal health and pesticide residues.
ANA Autoridad Nacional del Agua — Peru's national water authority, responsible for rivers, channels and desilting.
Background
Peru has just changed how Machu Picchu tickets may be held, so it helps to know what kind of site the rationing protects. The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a mixed property, meaning it qualifies on both cultural and natural grounds. UNESCO records it under criteria (i), (iii), (vii) and (ix): the first two are cultural, covering a masterpiece of human creative genius and testimony to a vanished civilisation, while the last two are natural, covering exceptional natural beauty and ongoing ecological processes. The property covers 32 592 hectares. UNESCO describes it as embedded in a dramatic landscape at the meeting point of the Peruvian Andes and the Amazon Basin, and it also forms part of Peru's national system of protected natural areas. Practical management is shared, with the Regional Government of Cusco and the Sacred Valley among the actors named in the site's conservation record.
Listing category:
Mixed World Heritage property
Criteria:
(i), (iii), (vii), (ix)
Area:
32 592 hectares
Why it matters for exams: The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu is a mixed UNESCO World Heritage property of 32 592 hectares, inscribed under criteria (i), (iii), (vii) and (ix), at the meeting point of the Peruvian Andes and the Amazon Basin.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Mixed property Mixed World Heritage property — A World Heritage site inscribed on both cultural and natural criteria.