14 October 2026
Trade Minister Omer Bolat announced Turkiye's foreign trade figures in Istanbul on 3 October 2026.
Exports in the first nine months of 2026 were $211 billion, a record for the period and 5.2 per cent higher than a year earlier.
Imports over the same nine months were $282 billion, up 5.4 per cent.
The nine-month foreign trade deficit was $71.03 billion, 5.8 per cent wider than a year earlier.
September 2026 exports were $25.98 billion, the highest figure recorded for any September, up 15.4 per cent.
September imports were $31.21 billion and the monthly trade deficit was $5.23 billion, 24.8 per cent narrower than a year earlier.
Exports, January-September 2026:
$211 billion
Imports, January-September 2026:
$282 billion
Nine-month trade deficit:
$71.03 billion
September 2026 exports:
$25.98 billion
Why it matters for exams: Trade balances of major economies recur in questions on external sector comparisons.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Trade deficit Excess of imports over exports — The gap when a country buys more goods from abroad than it sells.
14 October 2026
The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkiye (CBRT) sets the country's policy rate, which is the one-week repo auction rate.
The rate stands at 37.00 per cent.
It was brought down to 37.00 per cent from 38.00 per cent on 23 January 2026.
The step before that had taken the rate from 39.50 per cent to 38.00 per cent on 12 December 2025.
The Monetary Policy Committee left the rate unchanged at its meeting on 10 September 2026, with the overnight lending rate at 40 per cent and the overnight borrowing rate at 35.5 per cent.
The Committee's next scheduled meeting is on 22 October 2026.
Policy rate:
37.00 per cent
Previous level:
38.00 per cent
In force since:
23 January 2026
Why it matters for exams: Policy rates of large emerging economies are set beside the RBI repo rate in economy questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
CBRT Central Bank of the Republic of Turkiye — Turkiye's central bank, whose Monetary Policy Committee fixes the policy rate.
Repo Repurchase agreement — A short-term loan against securities; the one-week repo auction rate is Turkiye's policy rate.
14 October 2026
Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam announced a curfew in an address to the nation on Tuesday, 13 October 2026.
It took effect at 8:30 pm local time and ran until 6 am, and covered the capital Port Louis and other major population centres.
The unrest followed the shooting of Elodie Thomas, aged 27, by police in the south of the capital while she was travelling home from work in a van.
The Health Ministry said she had successful surgery to remove a bullet. Police said an investigation is under way.
Protesters burned tyres and blocked roads on Monday and the unrest continued overnight.
The Education Ministry said some schools closed on Tuesday because of the turmoil, and the prime minister's office said the situation had returned to normal with the public sector operating as usual.
The cabinet was due to meet on Wednesday to assess the situation.
Curfew hours:
8:30 pm to 6 am
Announced by:
Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
Date:
13 October 2026
Area covered:
Port Louis and other major population centres
Why it matters for exams: Mauritius is a small Indian Ocean island state whose capital, leadership and location are standard map and polity questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Port Louis Port Louis — The capital and largest city of Mauritius, on the island's north-west coast.
Curfew Curfew — An order barring people from public places during stated hours.
14 October 2026
The Swiss air quality monitor IQAir ranked Singapore and Kuala Lumpur as the world's two most polluted cities on Tuesday, with air quality index readings of 199 and 183.
The haze comes from fires on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Borneo, the most intense in 11 years, which have been spurred by a strengthening El Nino.
Indonesia has deployed about 60,000 personnel, but thick smoke has grounded 34 aircraft, including planes and helicopters, and cloud seeding is not possible without suitable rain clouds.
Firefly, a low-cost subsidiary of Malaysia Aviation Group, first cancelled flights between Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport near Kuala Lumpur and Seletar Airport in Singapore on 10 October and has extended the suspension.
Singapore has activated subsidised treatment for haze-related illnesses, something last done in 2015.
Schools reopened in most Malaysian states on Tuesday but remain closed in three states, one federal territory and several districts.
Malaysia's Foreign Minister Mohamad Hasan said he would press for stronger regional mechanisms at the ASEAN foreign ministers' meeting next month, noting that haze is not classified as a natural disaster under the existing ASEAN disaster mechanism.
Singapore air quality index:
199
Kuala Lumpur air quality index:
183
Indonesian personnel deployed:
about 60,000
Aircraft grounded:
34
Why it matters for exams: Transboundary haze links El Nino, forest fires, air quality indices and ASEAN cooperation in one question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
AQI Air Quality Index — A single number summarising air pollution; readings above 150 are generally treated as unhealthy and above 300 as hazardous.
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations — A regional grouping of ten Southeast Asian states; the Philippines chairs it in 2026 and the 49th summit is due in Manila.
Background
Background to the Kerala High Court proceedings this week on the Crime Branch investigation into a State Planning Board recruitment examination conducted by the Kerala Public Service Commission.
The Kerala Public Service Commission was formed on 1 November 1956, when the State of Kerala came into being, by transforming the Travancore-Cochin Public Service Commission into it.
In Travancore, a Public Service Commissioner selected candidates for direct recruitment to government posts, and G.D. Nokes was appointed the first Commissioner on 14 June 1936.
In Cochin, a Staff Selection Board was set up in 1936 for initial recruitment to lower posts, and a three-member Cochin Public Service Commission was constituted in 1947 under an Act of the State Legislature.
After Travancore and Cochin merged on 1 July 1949, a three-member Commission including the Chairman was created by Ordinance, exercising broadly the functions set out in the Government of India Act, 1935; it continued under constitutional provisions from 26 January 1950.
The strength of the Commission was raised in stages — five members in 1959, seven in 1971, eight in 1981, nine in 1982, thirteen in 1983 and fourteen in 1984 — reaching the present strength of eighteen in 2005.
Formed:
1 November 1956
First Travancore Public Service Commissioner:
G.D. Nokes, 14 June 1936
Cochin Public Service Commission:
Three members, 1947
Present strength:
18 members (since 2005)
Why it matters for exams: The formation date, predecessor bodies and present strength of the Kerala PSC are directly asked in State examinations.
Kerala PSCUPSC
14 October 2026
The Kerala High Court has designated advocate P.B. Menon as a Senior Advocate with effect from 12.10.2026.
The notification records that the Chief Justice and Judges resolved to designate him under Section 16(2) of the Advocates Act, 1961, read with Rule 2 of the High Court of Kerala (Designation of Senior Advocates) Rules, 2026.
Menon, who hails from Palakkad district and practises on the civil side in his hometown, began litigation in the early 1950s after graduating from Madras Law College, a career spanning about 76 years.
In 2023, at the age of 97, he entered the Guinness World Records as the longest-serving lawyer in the world.
Bar and Bench reports that the designation came on the initiative of Chief Justice Soumen Sen and was timed to his 100th birthday on 15 October, and that it may be the first time the Kerala High Court has designated a lawyer practising before mofussil courts as a Senior Advocate.
Effective from:
12.10.2026
Legal provision:
Section 16(2), Advocates Act, 1961
Guinness record year:
2023
Home district:
Palakkad
Why it matters for exams: Senior Advocate designation under Section 16 of the Advocates Act, 1961 is a standard polity and judiciary question.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Mofussil court Mofussil court — A court outside the main metropolitan or High Court centre, usually a district or taluk court.
Background
The State of Uttarakhand was carved out of Uttar Pradesh under the Uttar Pradesh Reorganization Act enacted by Parliament, and Part IV of that Act provides for its High Court.
The court's own account records that it became the eighteenth High Court in the country.
The seat of the High Court is at Nainital, in the Kumaon region of the State.
The sanctioned strength of judges was seven when the court was created and has since been increased to eleven.
Justice Ashok A. Desai, transferred from the Allahabad High Court, was its first Chief Justice.
Seat:
Nainital
Sanctioned judge strength:
7 at creation, since increased to 11
First Chief Justice:
Justice Ashok A. Desai
Why it matters for exams: Seats and sanctioned strengths of High Courts, and the Acts that created them, are standard polity questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Kumaon Kumaon division — One of the two administrative divisions of Uttarakhand, the other being Garhwal.
14 October 2026
Mufti Shamoon Qasmi, the newly appointed Chairman of the Uttarakhand Minority Hunar Council, paid a courtesy call on Governor Lieutenant General Gurmit Singh (Retd.) at Lok Bhavan, Dehradun, on 12 October 2026.
The Council works on skills and crafts among members of minority communities in the State.
The Governor said the skills and talents of minority community members should be developed and linked to self-reliance and employment.
He asked for special attention to skill development, including connecting young people with modern technology and innovation.
He also asked the Council to create platforms for skilled persons and to recognise top performers so that their achievements encourage others.
Body:
Uttarakhand Minority Hunar Council
Newly appointed Chairman:
Mufti Shamoon Qasmi
Why it matters for exams: State minority welfare bodies and their office-bearers are routine appointment questions in state-focused papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Hunar Hunar (skill or craft) — An Urdu and Hindi word for skill or craft, used in the Council's name.
14 October 2026
A programme marking the twenty-first anniversary of the Right to Information Act, 2005 was held at Lok Bhavan, Dehradun, on 7 October 2026.
Governor Lieutenant General Gurmit Singh (Retd.) was the Chief Guest and felicitated the winners of the Dr. R.S. Tolia State-Level RTI Act Debate Competition-2026.
Chief Information Commissioner Radha Raturi briefed the gathering on the functioning and activities of the State Information Commission.
The Governor asked the State Information Commission to use artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies to make access to information simpler and wider, particularly in remote and hilly areas.
Information Commissioner Dalip Singh Kunwar and former Information Commissioner Yogesh Bhatt were among those present, along with students from schools and colleges.
Anniversary marked:
21st anniversary of the RTI Act, 2005
Chief Information Commissioner:
Radha Raturi
Why it matters for exams: The RTI Act's year of enactment and the State Information Commission's role are repeatedly tested in polity papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
RTI Right to Information — The 2005 law that lets any citizen seek information held by a public authority.
14 October 2026
Governor Lieutenant General Gurmit Singh (Retd.) inaugurated the programme 'Uttarakhand Deep-Tech 2030: Building Technology for the Mountains' at Lok Bhavan, Dehradun, on 10 October 2026.
The stated aim is to use artificial intelligence and deep technologies for border security, disaster management, education and livelihoods, and to promote innovation, skill development and entrepreneurship among young people.
Three panel discussions were held: on defence and Himalayan security, on education and youth, and on creativity, startups and the AI economy.
The Governor said technology must reach remote villages and not only large cities, and listed education, healthcare, agriculture, tourism, disaster management and governance as fields for AI.
He also pointed to deepfakes, misinformation and misuse of personal data as reasons for responsible use, and said AI should enhance human capability rather than replace it.
Secretary Pankaj Kumar Pandey and Additional Secretary Reena Joshi were among the officials present.
Venue:
Lok Bhavan, Dehradun
Panel discussions:
3
Why it matters for exams: State-level deep-technology and AI initiatives are frequently asked about under science and technology and governance.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Deep tech Deep technology — Technology built on substantial scientific or engineering advances, such as artificial intelligence, robotics and advanced materials.
14 October 2026
A press communique issued from Rashtrapati Bhavan on 12.10.2026 announced six gubernatorial appointments made by the President of India.
Dr. Dhal Singh Bisen was appointed Governor of Uttarakhand.
In the same communique Shri Om Prakash Mathur, Governor of Sikkim, was appointed Governor of Keralam, and Shri Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar, Governor of Keralam, was appointed Governor of Tamil Nadu.
Shri Braj Mohan Ram was appointed Governor of Odisha, Dr. Sudha Yadav Governor of Karnataka and Shri Dushyant Gautam Governor of Sikkim.
The communique states that the appointments will take effect from the dates the appointees assume charge of their respective offices.
The Governor of a State is appointed by the President under Article 155 of the Constitution.
Date of press communique:
12.10.2026
Appointments announced:
6
New Governor of Uttarakhand:
Dr. Dhal Singh Bisen
Why it matters for exams: Gubernatorial changes and the constitutional provision behind them are a standing favourite in polity and current-affairs papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Article 155 Article 155 of the Constitution of India — It provides that the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.
14 October 2026
The European Data Protection Board published a statement on the data protection challenges of smart glasses on 13 October 2026, after its latest plenary.
The statement is an initial, preliminary guidance for users, manufacturers and service providers.
It says recording should be made obvious, for example through bright LED lights, audio signals, voice activation cues, privacy-friendly smartphone notifications or distinctive designs, and that warnings must be reliable, hard to ignore and always up to date.
The board says a wearer becomes a data controller when they share photos or videos on a public social media account, or use the glasses in official, professional or political activity. Purely personal use, such as filming family or friends, falls under the household exemption in the GDPR.
Producers and providers of linked apps and services cannot transfer their own obligations to users.
EDPB Chair Anu Talus said individuals deserve clear warnings, not hidden surprises.
An accompanying report titled The connected gaze was commissioned through the board's Support Pool of Experts after a proposal by the French data protection authority.
Issuing body:
European Data Protection Board
Date:
13 October 2026
Chair:
Anu Talus
Accompanying report:
The connected gaze
Why it matters for exams: The GDPR, the EDPB and the idea of a data controller are standard polity and technology topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
EDPB European Data Protection Board — An independent EU body that brings together national data protection authorities and ensures the GDPR is applied consistently.
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation — The European Union's data protection law, in force since 2018.
Data controller Data controller — The person or body that decides why and how personal data is processed, and therefore carries the legal duties.
14 October 2026
A Supreme Court bench of Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Aparesh Kumar Singh ordered that further proceedings before the trial court shall remain stayed.
The case is Rahul Gandhi v. State of Maharashtra, SLP (Crl) No. 19559 of 2026.
The complaint was filed by a BJP worker before a Metropolitan Magistrate over remarks made about Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The Magistrate had issued process under Section 500 of the Indian Penal Code, which punishes defamation.
The Bombay High Court had declined to quash the case by an order of 8 September.
The Supreme Court issued notice returnable in four weeks.
Bench:
Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Aparesh Kumar Singh
Case:
SLP (Crl) No. 19559 of 2026
Provision:
Section 500, Indian Penal Code
Notice:
Returnable in four weeks
Why it matters for exams: Criminal defamation under Section 500 IPC and the Supreme Court's power to stay proceedings under Article 136 are standard polity questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
SLP Special Leave Petition — A petition under Article 136 of the Constitution asking the Supreme Court for leave to appeal against any judgment or order.
14 October 2026
Justice G. Girish of the Kerala High Court has allowed a revision petition filed by the parents of violinist Balabhaskar and ordered further investigation into his death.
The Court directed the CBI to entrust the further investigation to an officer of proven integrity, not below the rank of Additional Superintendent of Police.
The order, in K.C. Unni and Anr. v. State of Kerala and Ors., Crl.R.P. No. 214/2026, records that the agency treated earlier directions of 2022 in a casual and lackadaisical manner by deputing an Inspector for the further probe.
The Court held that the approach taken was inconsistent with Section 173(8) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, which governs further investigation.
A coordinate bench had in 2022 pointed to twenty suspicious circumstances and ordered a further probe, including into whether a conspiracy lay behind the accident.
The car accident took place on 25 September 2018 while the family was returning from a temple in Thrissur; the couple's one-and-a-half-year-old daughter died at the scene and Balabhaskar died about a week later.
Case:
Crl.R.P. No. 214/2026
Judge:
Justice G. Girish
Minimum rank of new investigator:
Additional Superintendent of Police
Date of the accident:
25 September 2018
Why it matters for exams: A clear illustration of the High Court's supervisory power over further investigation under Section 173(8) CrPC.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Section 173(8) CrPC Section 173(8) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 — The provision that permits further investigation after a report has been filed.
14 October 2026
Justice A. Badharudeen of the Kerala High Court has said that the Kerala Public Service Commission's petition to quash the Crime Branch FIR did not require the investigation to be halted, as the Court has granted no stay.
The Crime Branch told the Court that ten questions carrying a total of 58 marks were left unevaluated, and that a later revaluation changed the rankings in the list.
The PSC sought more time to respond to the Crime Branch report, and the matter is to be taken up again after two days. Investigators are also examining the role of other PSC employees, and more than 150 complaints have been placed before the Special Investigation Team.
The recruitment concerned is for the post of Chief (Industry and Infrastructure Division) in the State Planning Board, notified in 2022, with a shortlist of ten candidates published in February 2025.
Earlier, on 5 October, the same judge asked the PSC why it was not cooperating with the investigation and questioned the maintainability of its writ petition; the Commission's counsel described the lapse as a clerical error caused by a computer problem.
Questions left unevaluated:
10
Marks involved:
58 marks
Complaints before the SIT:
More than 150
Judge:
Justice A. Badharudeen
Why it matters for exams: A live test of how far a constitutional recruitment body is open to criminal investigation, directly relevant to PSC aspirants.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
FIR First Information Report — The first written record of information about a cognizable offence, registered by the police.
SIT Special Investigation Team — A team constituted to investigate a specific case or group of cases.
14 October 2026
A Division Bench of Chief Justice Soumen Sen and Justice Syam Kumar V.M. has directed the Union Government to review the proposal for an All India Institute of Medical Sciences in Kerala and take necessary steps.
The direction came in WP(C) 18550/2024, AIIMS Kasargod Janakeeya Koottayma v Union of India and Ors., and a connected case, which seek an AIIMS for the State under the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY).
The Deputy Solicitor General told the Court that the proposal is at the consultation stage, that a decision can follow only once the Government decides whether to continue PMSSY for the next five years, and that States with weaker healthcare infrastructure are being prioritised.
The Bench asked which criteria Kerala fails to meet, noted that AIIMS institutions exist in affluent parts of the country, and said it was not satisfied with the criteria placed before it.
It recorded that the proposal has been pending with the Ministry for almost ten years with little substantial progress beyond correspondence.
A memorandum seeking an AIIMS in Kozhikode district was submitted to the Union Health Minister; the matter has been posted after six weeks.
Case:
WP(C) 18550/2024
Scheme:
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana
Proposal pending for:
Almost 10 years
Next hearing:
After six weeks
Why it matters for exams: Connects a Kerala-specific demand with the national PMSSY framework for AIIMS institutions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
PMSSY Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana — The central scheme under which new AIIMS institutions are set up and government medical colleges upgraded.
14 October 2026
A Division Bench of Chief Justice Soumen Sen and Justice Syam Kumar V.M. has directed the Keralam government to give priority to a proposal to create 229 new posts in the State's consumer disputes redressal commissions.
The order was passed in Adv. J. Surya v. State of Kerala & Ors., W.P.(PIL) No. 53 of 2026, which raised the shortage of manpower and infrastructure that has left orders of the commissions unexecuted.
The Court recorded that an administrative sanction of Rs 1 crore was issued on 5 October 2026 for the scheme 'Modernisation and Strengthening of State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission and District Commissions'.
The Finance Department has sought a work study, details of permanent and temporary posts in the commissions and the source of funds before taking a final decision; the Court gave the State three weeks to furnish these particulars.
The Bench observed that it is the responsibility of the State Government to ensure that all required infrastructural facilities are provided in time.
The case has been posted to 2 December 2026.
New posts proposed:
229
Administrative sanction:
Rs. 1 crore (5 October 2026)
Time given to the State:
Three weeks
Next hearing:
2 December 2026
Why it matters for exams: Links consumer protection machinery with State administrative capacity, a recurring governance theme.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
PIL Public Interest Litigation — A petition filed in the public interest rather than for a personal grievance.
14 October 2026
The Keralam Home Department issued an order on October 8 sanctioning Rs 12.5 lakh as compensation to K K Surendran, who was a senior lecturer at the District Institute of Education and Training (DIET), Sulthan Bathery, in Wayanad.
The order directs the State Police Chief to release the amount to Surendran and to recover it from the personal assets of two former officers of the Sulthan Bathery police station, former Sub Inspector P Viswambaran and former Circle Inspector V Devaraj, jointly and severally.
Surendran was taken into custody on February 22, 2003, days after the February 19, 2003 police eviction operation at the Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary, where Adivasi families led by the Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha had set up shelters demanding land.
He was named in three criminal cases, received a clean chit from the CBI and was excluded from all three.
He had sued for Rs 15,00,647. The Sub Court, Sulthan Bathery, awarded Rs 5 lakh with 3 per cent annual interest; the Additional District Court-II, Kalpetta, dismissed the appeals of the State and the two officers and enhanced the award to Rs 12.5 lakh with 6 per cent annual interest.
The government decided to comply with the decree instead of filing further appeals.
Compensation:
Rs 12.5 lakh
Order issued by:
Home Department, October 8
Amount originally claimed:
Rs 15,00,647
Muthanga eviction:
February 19, 2003
Why it matters for exams: A rare instance of a State government recovering compensation for custodial torture from the personal assets of the officers held responsible.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
DIET District Institute of Education and Training — A district-level teacher education institution.
Background
The Farakka Barrage Project (FBP) was commissioned in 1975 for preservation & maintenance of the Kolkata Port and for increasing the navigational depth of the Bhagirathi - Hooghly waterway.
The Farakka barrage in West Bengal regulates the flow of the Ganga, diverting some of the water into a feeder canal linking Hooghly to keep it relatively silt-free.
Downstream of the barrage the Ganga splits into two: the Bhagirathi (Hooghly) on the right and the Padma on the left, which enters Bangladesh.
The project has a total of 123 gates, and phase wise replacement of the gates of the main barrage and of the Head Regulator has been undertaken by the project authority.
Farakka is the last control structure on river Ganga in India, and the flow in the Ganga/Padma river and in the Farakka canal is regulated as per the India-Bangladesh Treaty-1996.
Under that Treaty the Ganga/Ganges waters are shared at Farakka during the lean period, from 1st January to 31st May every year, on a 10-day period basis as per the formula provided in the Treaty.
River:
Ganga
State:
West Bengal
Commissioned:
1975
Purpose:
preservation & maintenance of the Kolkata Port
Waterway kept navigable:
Bhagirathi - Hooghly waterway
Total gates:
123
Water sharing with Bangladesh:
India-Bangladesh Treaty-1996
Lean-season sharing period:
from 1st January to 31st May every year
Why it matters for exams: Farakka joins three favourite topics in one answer — a Ganga engineering work, the survival of Kolkata port, and India's water sharing with Bangladesh.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Barrage — A low gated structure across a river that raises and regulates the water level without storing a large reservoir.
Feeder canal — A canal that takes water from a barrage and carries it to another channel; at Farakka it links the Ganga to the Hooghly.
Head regulator — The gated structure at the mouth of a canal that controls how much water enters it.
Background
The Consulate General of India in Istanbul records historical connections between India and Turkiye, noting that the Sufi Philosophy of Mevlana Jelaluddin Rumi found resonance in the Indian sub-continent with its own traditions of Sufism and the Bhakti movement.
A Bilateral Trade Agreement between India and Turkiye was signed in 1973, followed by an Agreement on setting up an India-Turkiye Joint Commission on Economic and Technical Cooperation (JCETC) in 1983; under that Agreement JCETC meetings are held alternately in India and Turkiye, co-chaired by the trade ministers of the two countries.
Foreign Office Consultations at Secretary level were institutionalized through a Protocol signed in April 2000.
Bilateral trade grew by 28.99% during FY 2022-23, crossing USD 13.80 billion, making Turkiye India's 26th largest trading partner; trade in FY 2023-24 stood at USD 10.43 billion, making Turkiye India's 28th largest trading partner.
There are currently around 3000 estimated Indian nationals in Turkiye, around 1850 of them in Istanbul and adjoining provinces, and around 350 Indian students.
Bilateral Trade Agreement signed:
1973
JCETC agreement signed:
1983
Protocol on Foreign Office Consultations:
April 2000
Bilateral trade in FY 2022-23:
crossing USD 13.80 billion, a growth of 28.99%
Bilateral trade in FY 2023-24:
USD 10.43 billion
Estimated Indian nationals in Turkiye:
around 3000
Indian students in Turkiye:
around 350
Why it matters for exams: Country Focus questions on a foreign state almost always include its relationship with India, and the dated instruments of the India-Turkiye relationship are the kind of named agreement an examiner can test in one line.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
JCETC Joint Commission on Economic and Technical Cooperation — The India-Turkiye joint body set up by an agreement of 1983 to carry the economic and technical side of the relationship; its meetings are held alternately in the two countries and co-chaired by their trade ministers.
Foreign Office Consultations — Regular talks between the foreign ministries of two countries, institutionalized between India and Turkiye by a Protocol of April 2000.