15 October 2026
The UN Security Council meeting on Syria on 12 October 2026 recorded that the IAEA ended its investigation into Syria's nuclear non-compliance on 9 September.
The closure was listed among the signs of progress in Syria's transition.
At the same meeting it was recorded that 5.5 million Syrians remain displaced.
The IAEA is the UN's nuclear watchdog.
Investigation closed on:
9 September
Recorded at:
Security Council meeting, 12 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: The IAEA's country files are a recurring theme in questions on nuclear safeguards.
UPSC
In plain words
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency — The Vienna-based UN body that verifies states' nuclear safeguards obligations.
15 October 2026
The United States Department of Justice has charged Abdulrahman Alfozan, a 35-year-old engineer who joined OpenAI in July 2025, over a hidden audio recording device installed in an executive conference room at the company's San Francisco office. He is charged with using or endeavouring to use an electronic, mechanical or other device to intercept oral communications. The device was discovered on 30 September, plugged into a USB port on a television, and was installed on or about 28 September. The charge carries a maximum penalty of five years in prison and a $250,000 fine, along with three years of supervised release. Alfozan is a Saudi national and has been a United States legal permanent resident since September 2020. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is investigating the case and its Director, Kash Patel, issued a statement.
Device discovered:
30 September
Device installed:
On or about 28 September
Maximum penalty:
Five years in prison and a $250,000 fine
Why it matters for exams: A current-affairs item on corporate information security and the US federal wiretap offence, with precise dates and a named maximum penalty.
UPSCSSC
In plain words
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation — The principal federal investigative agency of the United States.
15 October 2026
Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh spoke at the launch of IIT Kanpur's 'Greater Than Us' fundraising campaign in New Delhi on 14 October 2026. The campaign has a target of US$1 billion by March 2029, and Rs 4,155 crore has already been committed, nearly half the goal. He said close defence-academia-industry collaboration is key to accelerating the development and adoption of indigenous technology amid the evolving nature of warfare. He noted that the IIT ecosystem has supported over 6,000 start-ups, 56 unicorns and nearly 5,000 patents, and referred to the Rs 1 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation Scheme. Prof Manindra Agrawal, Director of IIT Kanpur, and Shri Awanish Kumar Awasthi, Advisor to the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, were present. The release refers to IIT Kanpur's existing DRDO-Industry-Academia Centre of Excellence and its C3i Cybersecurity Technology Innovation Hub. A School of Defence Technologies at the institute is a proposal, which he welcomed, and the proposal for a National Military Drone Technology Hub at IIT Kanpur in collaboration with the Ministry of Defence has made significant progress with its approval process nearing completion.
Campaign target:
US$1 billion by March 2029
Already committed:
Rs 4,155 crore
Start-ups supported:
Over 6,000
Unicorns:
56
Why it matters for exams: The campaign target, the amount already committed and the start-up and unicorn figures are all precise numbers from an official release.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Raksha Mantri Raksha Mantri — The Hindi title of India's Defence Minister.
Unicorn Unicorn — A privately held start-up valued at over one billion dollars.
15 October 2026
The Central Electricity Authority held the first day of a two-day International Conference cum Exhibition titled Making Indian Power Sector AI Enabled at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi, on 14 October 2026. Shri Ghanshyam Prasad, Chairperson of the CEA, set the context for the conference. The event saw the launch of the CEA's Vidhyut Dwar Portal, the release of the CEA Manual on Transmission Planning Criteria, 2026, and the distribution of the CEA Employee Awards. The CEA has formed a team of 54 artificial intelligence enthusiasts and brand ambassadors to take AI forward across the power sector, and power utilities may also set up dedicated AI teams. Six parallel thematic discussions were held on the first day.
Portal launched:
Vidhyut Dwar Portal
AI brand ambassadors:
54
Venue:
Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi
Manual released:
CEA Manual on Transmission Planning Criteria, 2026
Why it matters for exams: A new government portal, a dated manual and a precise headcount are all easy objective-question material.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
CEA Central Electricity Authority — The technical body that advises the Union government on power system planning.
15 October 2026
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and the New, Emerging and Strategic Technologies Division of the Ministry of External Affairs jointly launched the inaugural edition of the MEA-CSIR Tech Familiarization Programme on 14 October 2026. Thirty-three ambassadors and senior embassy officials from 29 countries took part. The programme was held at two CSIR laboratories in New Delhi, the CSIR-Central Road Research Institute and the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology. At CSIR-CRRI the visitors saw a driving simulator, a cyclic load test facility, a steel slag laboratory, a 3D bio-binder model and drones, with a live demonstration of Ecofix, a steel slag-based instant pothole repair mix. At CSIR-IGIB they were shown facilities for genome sequencing, biosafety, zebrafish research, biobanking and Good Manufacturing Practice. Dr. Rama Swami Bansal, Head of CSIR's International S&T Affairs Directorate, gave an overview of CSIR's capabilities and Dr. Sadre Alam, Joint Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs, explained the programme's purpose.
Participants:
33 ambassadors and senior embassy officials
Countries represented:
29
Laboratories visited:
CSIR-CRRI and CSIR-IGIB
Why it matters for exams: Science diplomacy with the Global South, the CSIR laboratories involved and the Ecofix demonstration are all quotable specifics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research — India's largest publicly funded chain of research laboratories.
NEST New, Emerging and Strategic Technologies Division — The Ministry of External Affairs division that handles technology diplomacy.
15 October 2026
The Department of Science and Technology has included advanced chemicals, petrochemicals and material technologies as an additional technology area eligible for funding under the Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme. The inclusion takes effect from 8 October 2026. The decision followed a proposal from the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. The RDI Scheme was launched in November 2025 with a corpus of Rs 1 lakh crore. Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda, Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers and Health and Family Welfare, welcomed the decision. The stated aims are to strengthen domestic manufacturing, reduce dependence on imported technologies and high-value materials, and support indigenous technology development.
Scheme corpus:
Rs 1 lakh crore
Scheme launched:
November 2025
Inclusion effective from:
8 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: The RDI Scheme's corpus and the date from which the new technology area becomes eligible are both precise, examinable facts.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
DST Department of Science and Technology — The Union department that administers the RDI Scheme.
Background
The Chenab bridge spans the Chenab River at a height of 359 m (1,178 ft) above the river.
It is 35 meters taller than Paris' Eiffel Tower.
The arch bridge between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir is 1,178 feet above the riverbed.
It is part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Railway Link (USBRL), a project worth Rs 35000 crore.
The bridge is designed to withstand winds with speeds up to 260 kmph.
It will have a lifespan of 120 years.
Height above the river:
359 m (1,178 ft)
Wind speed design limit:
260 kmph
Lifespan:
120 years
Project cost:
Rs 35000 crore
Why it matters for exams: Examiners ask for the river, the district and the height of India's headline railway structure, and for the rail link it belongs to, so these four facts are commonly tested together.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
USBRL Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Railway Link — The railway project that connects the Kashmir valley to the rest of the national rail network.
Arch bridge — A bridge whose load is carried by a curved arch that transfers weight to the supports at its ends.
14 October 2026
The Kerala High Court on Wednesday, 14 October 2026, directed that fingerprints of suspects in the Sreekrishnapuram double murder case be compared with those stored in the Aadhaar database. Justice G. Girish gave the direction to the Union Government and the Deputy Director of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), on a plea by the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Crime Branch, Palakkad. The case concerns the killing of a middle-aged couple at Sreekrishnapuram in Palakkad district in 2016. Police collected six sample fingerprints from the crime scene and compared them with more than 1,200 persons without tracing the offenders. The investigating officer had sought UIDAI's help to compare the samples with Aadhaar records for Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and approached the High Court after the request was rejected. The Court made clear that the order was passed on the exceptional facts of the case and cannot be cited as a precedent. The judgment is reported as 2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 579.
Year of the crime:
2016
District:
Palakkad
Sample fingerprints collected:
6
Persons already compared:
More than 1,200
Citation:
2026 LiveLaw (Ker) 579
Why it matters for exams: Aadhaar data use in criminal investigation, UIDAI's role and the limits of precedent are examinable polity, technology and law topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
UIDAI Unique Identification Authority of India — The statutory body that issues Aadhaar numbers and holds the Aadhaar biometric database.
14 October 2026
Scientists have restored bleached coral in a laboratory by placing it in contact with a healthy fragment, according to findings reported in Science Advances on 14 October 2026.
Bleaching occurs when rising sea temperatures stress corals and they expel the symbiotic algae known as Symbiodiniaceae that give them their colour and most of their nutrients.
Danny Collins, then a PhD student at Stanford University, prepared ten pairs of coral fragments from the same animal, Pocillopora damicornis.
Five pairs were set up so that their fragments touched and five were separated by a few millimetres.
In the touching pairs, the bleached coral recovered within eight weeks, with the symbiont population doubling every four days by week two.
Stephen Palumbi at Hopkins Marine Station first noticed the effect, and co-author Fiorenza Micheli of Stanford's Center for Ocean Solutions said the result may inspire scalable solutions.
Journal:
Science Advances, 14 October 2026
Coral species:
Pocillopora damicornis
Recovery time in touching pairs:
Within eight weeks
Symbiont doubling time by week two:
Every four days
Why it matters for exams: Coral bleaching, symbiotic algae and marine conservation research are standard environment and science questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Symbiodiniaceae Symbiodiniaceae — The family of photosynthetic algae that live inside coral tissues and supply most of their nutrients.
Coral bleaching Coral bleaching — The loss of symbiotic algae from coral tissue under heat stress, turning the coral white.
14 October 2026
The World Health Organization announced a new artificial-intelligence-powered hub for health professionals on Wednesday, 14 October 2026.
The hub aims to help identify alcohol-related risks and start discussions with patients, including the link between drinking and cancer.
Carina Ferreira-Borges, the WHO Europe regional adviser on alcohol, said screening and brief interventions work only if health professionals feel able to use them.
She said a doctor or nurse can ask the hub's AI assistant how to raise alcohol consumption and get an answer based on WHO evidence.
Only 15 per cent of people surveyed in 14 European Union countries know that alcohol can cause breast cancer, WHO said.
Alcohol causes at least seven types of cancer as well as cardiovascular and liver disease.
Awareness of alcohol-breast cancer link:
15 per cent in 14 EU countries
Cancers caused by alcohol:
At least seven types
Why it matters for exams: Public health statistics on alcohol and the use of artificial intelligence in health systems are current exam themes.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Brief intervention Brief intervention — A short, structured conversation by a health worker to reduce risky behaviour such as harmful drinking.
14 October 2026
A study published in Nature on 14 October 2026 estimates that conservation areas likely already cover 26.81 per cent of the terrestrial realm.
Official global figures report coverage of 18.5 per cent.
The authors, led by Helen M. K. O'Neill, sampled 25 countries and territories using national datasets and extrapolated the result.
Under Target 3 of the Global Biodiversity Framework, governments committed to raise coverage to at least 30 per cent by 2030.
The count includes protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs).
The study warns the extra land does not substantially fill gaps in ecological representativeness, so meeting the area figure alone will do little to stop biodiversity loss.
Estimated land coverage:
26.81 per cent
Officially reported coverage:
18.5 per cent
GBF Target 3:
At least 30 per cent by 2030
Sample:
25 countries and territories
Why it matters for exams: The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and its 30 by 2030 target are core environment topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
OECM Other effective area-based conservation measure — An area that conserves biodiversity without conservation being its primary purpose, often run by private owners or communities.
Global Biodiversity Framework Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework — The 2022 agreement under the Convention on Biological Diversity setting biodiversity targets for 2030.
14 October 2026
A Nature news feature published on 14 October 2026 traces China's rise in science. In 1978 China published fewer than 120 papers in international journals, 0.02 per cent of the global total, according to Elsevier's Scopus. China's overall research and development spending rose roughly 100-fold over three decades and grew by more than 10 per cent a year on average over the past ten years. OECD data show that in 2024 China overtook the United States as the largest gross domestic expenditure on research and development measured at purchasing power parity; at market exchange rates China's spending was about half the United States level in 2024, up from 8 per cent in 2004. China plans to raise research and development expenditure by at least 7 per cent a year through 2030. Basic research took just under 7 per cent of China's research budget in 2024, against 14.4 per cent in the United States, 11.6 per cent in Japan and 14.7 per cent in South Korea; the share reached a record 7.08 per cent in 2025 but missed the previous five-year plan's 8 per cent target. China surpassed the United States in 2023 as the top-ranked country for papers in influential journals, according to the Nature Index, which tracks 178 journals. The feature cautions against reading the purchasing power parity figure as settling the question, because comparing the research and development spending of two countries is complex.
China's papers in 1978:
Fewer than 120, or 0.02 per cent of the global total
R&D growth, last ten years:
More than 10 per cent a year on average
Basic research share 2024:
Just under 7 per cent (US 14.4, Japan 11.6, South Korea 14.7)
Target to 2030:
At least 7 per cent growth a year
Nature Index journals:
178
Why it matters for exams: Gross domestic expenditure on research and development, purchasing power parity and the Nature Index are three technical ideas an examiner can test through one comparison of countries.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
GERD Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development — The total a country spends on research and development within its borders in a year.
PPP Purchasing Power Parity — A way of comparing spending across countries by adjusting for what money actually buys locally.
Nature Index Nature Index — A database that ranks countries and institutions by their share of papers in a selected set of journals.
Basic research Basic research — Research aimed at understanding, without an immediate application in view.
14 October 2026
Qatar is chairing the fourth and final Inter-regional Preparatory Meeting for the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2026 (PP-26).
The chair is Eng. Ahmad bin Abdulla AlMuslemani, President of Qatar's Communications Regulatory Authority and Chair-Designate of PP-26.
PP-26 is set for 9 to 27 November 2026 at the Doha Exhibition and Convention Center.
Held every four years, it is ITU's principal governing body, with 194 Member States.
It elects ITU's five top officials and 48 Member States to the ITU Council.
Conference dates:
9 to 27 November 2026
ITU Member States:
194
Council seats:
48
Why it matters for exams: ITU is a UN specialised agency, and Qatar hosting its main governing conference links an international body to a Country Focus fact.
UPSCSSC
In plain words
ITU International Telecommunication Union — The UN specialised agency for information and communication technologies.
PP-26 Plenipotentiary Conference 2026 — ITU's principal governing conference, held every four years.
14 October 2026
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) directed airlines to ensure the MOBIKINS MK-PB-04 power bank is not carried on any flight to, from or within India.
The circular, dated 29 September 2026 and signed by DG Vir Vikram Yadav, covers passenger baggage, both checked-in and cabin, and cargo.
The circular cites a recent fire incident involving the model. The most recent power bank fire was on 11 October 2026, when a power bank in the overhead bin of an IndiGo flight from Delhi to Chennai caught fire and the flight was diverted to Hyderabad as a precaution.
The restriction names one model and is not a blanket ban on power banks.
Nepal Airlines also asked passengers travelling between Nepal and India not to carry the model.
The move has renewed calls for strict enforcement of the Bureau of Indian Standards' Compulsory Registration Scheme for portable batteries.
Banned model:
MOBIKINS MK-PB-04
Circular dated:
29 September 2026
Fire on IndiGo flight:
11 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: Aviation regulation, the DGCA's role and BIS standards are regular topics in governance and general-awareness papers.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
DGCA Directorate General of Civil Aviation — India's civil aviation safety regulator.
BIS CRS Bureau of Indian Standards Compulsory Registration Scheme — A scheme under which listed products, including portable batteries, must carry a BIS registration number.
14 October 2026
Governor Lieutenant General Gurmit Singh (Retd.) inaugurated the programme 'Uttarakhand Deep-Tech 2030: Building Technology for the Mountains' at Lok Bhavan, Dehradun, on 10 October 2026.
The stated aim is to use artificial intelligence and deep technologies for border security, disaster management, education and livelihoods, and to promote innovation, skill development and entrepreneurship among young people.
Three panel discussions were held: on defence and Himalayan security, on education and youth, and on creativity, startups and the AI economy.
The Governor said technology must reach remote villages and not only large cities, and listed education, healthcare, agriculture, tourism, disaster management and governance as fields for AI.
He also pointed to deepfakes, misinformation and misuse of personal data as reasons for responsible use, and said AI should enhance human capability rather than replace it.
Secretary Pankaj Kumar Pandey and Additional Secretary Reena Joshi were among the officials present.
Venue:
Lok Bhavan, Dehradun
Panel discussions:
3
Why it matters for exams: State-level deep-technology and AI initiatives are frequently asked about under science and technology and governance.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Deep tech Deep technology — Technology built on substantial scientific or engineering advances, such as artificial intelligence, robotics and advanced materials.
14 October 2026
The European Data Protection Board published a statement on the data protection challenges of smart glasses on 13 October 2026, after its latest plenary.
The statement is an initial, preliminary guidance for users, manufacturers and service providers.
It says recording should be made obvious, for example through bright LED lights, audio signals, voice activation cues, privacy-friendly smartphone notifications or distinctive designs, and that warnings must be reliable, hard to ignore and always up to date.
The board says a wearer becomes a data controller when they share photos or videos on a public social media account, or use the glasses in official, professional or political activity. Purely personal use, such as filming family or friends, falls under the household exemption in the GDPR.
Producers and providers of linked apps and services cannot transfer their own obligations to users.
EDPB Chair Anu Talus said individuals deserve clear warnings, not hidden surprises.
An accompanying report titled The connected gaze was commissioned through the board's Support Pool of Experts after a proposal by the French data protection authority.
Issuing body:
European Data Protection Board
Date:
13 October 2026
Chair:
Anu Talus
Accompanying report:
The connected gaze
Why it matters for exams: The GDPR, the EDPB and the idea of a data controller are standard polity and technology topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
EDPB European Data Protection Board — An independent EU body that brings together national data protection authorities and ensures the GDPR is applied consistently.
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation — The European Union's data protection law, in force since 2018.
Data controller Data controller — The person or body that decides why and how personal data is processed, and therefore carries the legal duties.
14 October 2026
The European Space Agency said its astronaut Sophie Adenot has returned from her first mission to the International Space Station.
Her mission was named epsilon and she flew as part of NASA's Crew-12 rotation, launching on a SpaceX Dragon from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on 13 February 2026.
The capsule splashed down on 8 October 2026 and she reached Cologne, Germany, on 10 October 2026.
She spent 237 days, 5 hours and 18 minutes in space, a new European record for the longest single spaceflight, beating Luca Parmitano's Beyond mission by more than 35 days.
She carried out three spacewalks within 14 days, totalling 19 hours and 42 minutes outside the station.
She is the second European woman after Samantha Cristoforetti, and the first French woman, to perform a spacewalk.
Adenot worked through Expeditions 74 and 75 and spent about 218 hours on 35 European payloads.
Mission:
epsilon (NASA Crew-12)
Time in space:
237 days, 5 hours, 18 minutes
Spacewalks:
3, totalling 19 hours 42 minutes
Launch:
13 February 2026
Splashdown:
8 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: Record-setting space missions and the agencies behind them are standard material in science and technology questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ESA European Space Agency — An intergovernmental space agency of European states, with its astronaut centre at Cologne in Germany.
ISS International Space Station — A crewed laboratory in low Earth orbit run jointly by several space agencies.
14 October 2026
The ICAR-National Soybean Research Institute, Indore, released preliminary results from a Soybean Harvest Day held on 9 October 2026.
One acre each of the improved varieties NRC 268 and NRC 270 was harvested.
Both varieties gave about 20 quintals per hectare despite adverse weather.
India's average soybean productivity is about 10 to 11 quintals per hectare.
ICAR trials, including those under the All India Coordinated Research Project on Soybean, indicate 15 to 20 quintals per hectare with improved varieties and production practices.
Under favourable conditions the yield can reach about 22 to 25 quintals per hectare.
Dr M. L. Jat, Secretary of DARE and Director General of ICAR, called the results encouraging.
Varieties:
NRC 268 and NRC 270
Trial yield:
About 20 quintals per hectare
National average:
About 10 to 11 quintals per hectare
Institute:
ICAR-National Soybean Research Institute, Indore
Why it matters for exams: New crop varieties and ICAR institutes are standard agriculture questions, and yield comparisons against the national average are easy to set.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research — The apex body for coordinating agricultural research and education in India, under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education.
Quintal Unit of mass equal to 100 kilograms — Crop yields in India are commonly reported in quintals per hectare.
14 October 2026
The India Meteorological Department dedicated its Cyclone Warning and Marine Weather Services Decision Support System to the nation on 12 October 2026.
The system is a WebGIS based platform that brings cyclone and marine weather information together.
It shows observed and forecast cyclone tracks and intensity with a cone of uncertainty, wind distribution, storm surge warnings and district-wise rainfall warnings.
It also gives rainfall forecasts for river catchments on interactive maps.
The platform is available at dss.imd.gov.in and through the IMD and RSMC New Delhi websites.
It was launched at the bi-annual Pre-Cyclone Exercise Meeting for the October to December post-monsoon season, chaired by IMD Director General Dr Mrutyunjay Mohapatra.
About 230 participants from more than 30 organisations, including NDMA, NDRF, the Indian Navy, the Indian Air Force and the Indian Coast Guard, took part.
System:
Cyclone Warning and Marine Weather Services Decision Support System
Dedicated on:
12 October 2026
Chaired by:
Dr Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Director General, IMD
Participants:
About 230 from more than 30 organisations
Why it matters for exams: Disaster management institutions and IMD's cyclone warning role are frequently asked, and Kerala's coast depends on these marine warnings.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IMD India Meteorological Department — The national weather service, which functions under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
RSMC Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre — A centre designated by the World Meteorological Organization; RSMC New Delhi tracks and names cyclones in the north Indian Ocean.
14 October 2026
The Indian Navy commissioned INS Mangrol at the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai on 12 October 2026.
She is the third ship of the Mahe class of Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft.
The ship was designed and built by Cochin Shipyard Limited, Kochi, with over 80 per cent indigenous content.
Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Command, presided over the commissioning.
Her roles include anti-submarine warfare, underwater surveillance, Low Intensity Maritime Operations and mine warfare related tasks.
She is propelled by three diesel engine driven waterjet units for manoeuvrability in shallow and confined waters.
The ship is named after Mangrol, a coastal town and fishing harbour in the Junagadh district of Gujarat.
Ship:
INS Mangrol
Class:
Mahe class ASW Shallow Water Craft (third ship)
Builder:
Cochin Shipyard Limited, Kochi
Indigenous content:
Over 80 per cent
Commissioned at:
Naval Dockyard, Mumbai, 12 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: Ship names, their classes and their builders are routinely asked in defence current affairs, and Cochin Shipyard is of direct Kerala interest.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ASW Anti-Submarine Warfare — Naval operations to detect, track and destroy enemy submarines.
CSL Cochin Shipyard Limited — The public sector shipyard at Kochi that built India's first indigenous aircraft carrier.