Background
As per figures of the 2011 Census on the Haryana Government portal, the actual population is 25,351,462.
The male population is 13,494,734 and the female population is 11,856,728.
The total child population in the 0-6 age group is 3,380,721.
The literacy rate is 75.55 per cent.
The area is given as 44,212 sq km.
These are 2011 Census figures and do not describe the present population.
Population (2011 Census):
25,351,462
Male population (2011 Census):
13,494,734
Female population (2011 Census):
11,856,728
Child population 0-6 (2011 Census):
3,380,721
Literacy rate (2011 Census):
75.55 per cent
Why it matters for exams: Census figures such as population and literacy rate are routine questions, and the census year is the examinable qualifier.
Kerala PSCUPSC
Background
This explains two Kerala institutions in the fisheries sector. Matsyafed, the Kerala State Co-operative Federation for Fisheries Development Ltd., was registered on 19 March 1984 as an apex federation of primary welfare societies in the coastal fishery sector. Its objective is the economic and social development of fishermen through schemes in production, procurement, processing and marketing. The Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) was established on 20 November 2010 and is governed by the KUFOS Act, 2010. Its page calls it the first Fisheries University formed in India. Its headquarters is at Kochi, with the main campus of 75 acres at Panangad.
Matsyafed registered:
19 March 1984
KUFOS established:
20 November 2010
KUFOS headquarters:
Kochi
Panangad campus (acres):
75
Why it matters for exams: Kerala PSC asks about apex co-operative bodies and Kerala's specialised universities, with their founding dates and headquarters.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Matsyafed Kerala State Co-operative Federation for Fisheries Development — The apex federation of primary fishermen welfare societies in coastal Kerala.
KUFOS Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies — The State's university for fisheries and ocean studies, headquartered at Kochi.
Background
The University of Kerala's own page records it as established in 1937, as the University of Travancore, during the reign of Sree Chithira Thirunal. Its Facts and Figures page calls it the 16th University in India. Its charter is the Kerala University Act of 1974 (Act 17 of 1974); it was earlier governed by the Travancore University Act of 1937 and the Kerala University Act of 1957. Its motto is Karmani Vyajyate Pranja (Wisdom through Action). The Registrar's address is Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram. Listed campuses include Senate House (17 acres) and Kariavattom (359 acres).
Established:
1937
Original name:
University of Travancore
Charter:
Kerala University Act, 1974 (Act 17 of 1974)
Kariavattom Campus (acres):
359
Why it matters for exams: Kerala PSC regularly asks about Kerala's older institutions, their founding year and the Act that governs them.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Act 17 of 1974 Kerala University Act, 1974 — The Act that is the University of Kerala's present charter.
6 October 2026
A Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Surya Kant, Justice Joymalya Bagchi and Justice V. Mohana dismissed a writ petition on October 6, 2026.
The case is Tapasmita Sutar versus Union of India, Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1224 of 2026, filed by a bench clerk in the district judiciary.
The petition sought to have a bench clerk's service treated as equivalent to a law clerk's for the one-year legal practice requirement to sit the judicial service examination.
Justice Bagchi said the duties of a bench clerk are ministerial rather than intellectual and that the post is clerical in nature.
The Court described the distinction between the two kinds of experience as a reasonable classification, because a law clerk's role is of a different character.
The Chief Justice said the Court was willing to help young candidates but could not waive the one-year practice requirement, which the Supreme Court had reduced from three years in August 2026.
Case:
Tapasmita Sutar v. Union of India, W.P.(C) No. 1224/2026
Bench:
Chief Justice Surya Kant, Justices Joymalya Bagchi and V. Mohana
Practice requirement:
one year
Why it matters for exams: The minimum practice requirement for judicial service entry has changed twice in recent years, and this ruling fixes what counts as practice, a favourite question in polity and judiciary sections.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Law clerk Research assistant to a judge — A young law graduate who assists a judge with research; this experience counts towards the practice requirement.
Bench clerk Court staff attached to a courtroom — A member of the court's establishment whose duties the Supreme Court described as ministerial and clerical.
6 October 2026
A Supreme Court bench of Justice Vikram Nath, Justice Sandeep Mehta and Justice Augustine George Masih reserved judgment on October 6, 2026.
The matter is SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies versus Bar Council of India, and the pleas were filed by the Bar Council of India and the institute.
The Delhi High Court had ruled in November 2025, in a suo motu proceeding, that students in recognised law institutions cannot be barred from examinations or further study only for falling short of minimum attendance.
That judgment also held that institutions cannot fix attendance norms above the minimum percentage set by the Bar Council of India, and asked the Council to re-examine its norms after consulting stakeholders.
The Supreme Court had earlier stayed paragraph 249 of the High Court judgment, which barred institutions from detaining students for attendance shortfalls.
It had also granted one-time relief to students whose academic sessions were running on November 3, 2025, allowing them to appear for final and supplementary examinations despite attendance shortages.
Bench:
Justices Vikram Nath, Sandeep Mehta and Augustine George Masih
High Court judgment under appeal:
Delhi High Court, November 2025
Paragraph stayed:
Paragraph 249
Why it matters for exams: The case fixes the line between a regulator's minimum standard and a university's own rule, which is the sort of question asked in polity and in education policy papers alike.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BCI Bar Council of India — The statutory body that regulates legal education and the legal profession in India.
Suo motu On the court's own motion — A proceeding a court begins itself, without a petition being filed before it.
6 October 2026
The Kerala Forest Research Institute at Peechi in Thrissur district will hold an interview on 8 October 2026 at 10 in the morning.
The vacancy is for a Project Fellow and supporting staff on a research project of one year.
Candidates have been asked to see www.kfri.res.in for further details.
The notice was issued by the Information and Public Relations Department as release P.N.X. 4173/2026 on 6 October 2026.
Interview date:
8 October 2026, 10 am
Project duration:
One year
Release number:
P.N.X. 4173/2026
Why it matters for exams: KFRI is one of the research institutions under the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment and is asked about by name.
Kerala PSC
6 October 2026
The Kerala Council for Historical Research has extended the last date for applications to the internship under its online Digital Archive Project to 9 October.
Applicants must hold a bachelor's degree or a postgraduate degree in History or in Malayalam.
Detailed biodata is to be sent to kchrdkp@gmail.com with the subject line given in the notice, or through the Google form link in the notice.
The announcement was issued by the Information and Public Relations Department as release P.N.X. 4172/2026 on 6 October 2026.
New last date:
9 October
Eligibility:
Degree or postgraduate degree in History or Malayalam
Release number:
P.N.X. 4172/2026
Why it matters for exams: KCHR is an autonomous research institution of the Kerala government and its programmes appear in state-level awareness questions.
Kerala PSC
In plain words
KCHR Kerala Council for Historical Research — An autonomous institution of the Kerala government for research in history and social sciences.
6 October 2026
The National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions has notified the Autonomous Boards and Central Assessment Committee (Establishment, Constitution, Functions and Powers) Regulations, 2026, under the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Act, 2021.
The Regulations provide for Autonomous Boards under the State Allied and Healthcare Councils, with responsibilities for education, institutional assessment, professional ethics and registration.
Each Autonomous Board will have 10 to 20 members including a President, with representation from recognised allied and healthcare professional categories, and prescribed qualifications, experience, tenure, age limits and declarations of assets, liabilities and conflicts of interest.
The Undergraduate and Postgraduate Boards will implement standards for recognised courses and competency-based frameworks. The Assessment and Rating Board will evaluate applications for recognition and Letters of Permission, inspect institutions, empanel assessors and publish rating information on the State Council website. The Ethics and Registration Board will verify documents, support the State registers and evaluate complaints.
Inspections will be carried out by three-member inspection teams comprising relevant Board representation and empanelled assessors, with the prior approval of the State Council, and the team must submit an Institution Verification Report; safeguards bar inspections where there is a conflict of interest.
For States without a functional State Council, the Regulations provide a Central Assessment Committee of 10 to 30 members including a President, supervised by the Commission, whose President will be appointed annually on a rotational basis among different professions.
Parent Act:
National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Act, 2021
Autonomous Board size:
10 to 20 members including a President
Central Assessment Committee size:
10 to 30 members including a President
Inspection team:
three members
Why it matters for exams: The NCAHP Act, 2021 and the bodies created under it are a standing topic in health governance questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
NCAHP National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions — The statutory commission that regulates education and practice in allied and healthcare professions in India.
Allied and healthcare professions Allied and healthcare professions — Health occupations other than medicine, dentistry and nursing, such as physiotherapy, radiography and laboratory technology.
Letter of Permission Letter of Permission (LoP) — The written permission a regulator grants an institution to start or continue a recognised course.
Central Assessment Committee Central Assessment Committee (CAC) — A committee that performs the functions of Autonomous Boards in States where no functional State Council exists.
6 October 2026
The eighth batch of new professions was officially recognised on 9 September 2026 by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments; Xinhua's 6 October 2026 report highlights it.
The batch has 11 new occupations and 23 new job types.
Low-altitude economy roles include drone swarm flight planners and low-altitude logistics specialists.
Digital economy roles include AI engineering technicians and embodied intelligent robot application technicians.
Since 2019 China has released eight batches totalling 121 new occupations.
New occupations in this batch:
11
New job types in this batch:
23
Total since 2019:
121 new occupations
Why it matters for exams: Labour-market and skills classification changes link economy, technology and employment questions.
UPSCSSCBank
In plain words
Low-altitude economy Low-altitude economy — Economic activity using airspace close to the ground, such as drone logistics.
6 October 2026
A new UNHCR report estimates 13.1 million school-age refugee children worldwide in 2025.
Nearly half, 5.8 million, are out of school as funding cuts threaten years of progress.
Only 32 per cent were enrolled in secondary school in 2025, against 65 per cent at primary level.
Refugee enrolment in higher education hit a record 11 per cent, with over 450,000 students.
UNHCR is on track for the 15x30 pledge: 15 per cent of refugee youth in higher education by 2030.
High Commissioner Barham Salih urged donors to protect education funding.
School-age refugee children (2025):
13.1 million
Out of school:
5.8 million
Secondary enrolment:
32 per cent
Why it matters for exams: Gives refugee-education figures and the 15x30 target of the UN refugee agency.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees — The UN refugee agency, headed by Barham Salih.
6 October 2026
The Revenue Department has decided to measure and demarcate land belonging to the University of Kerala at Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, from 10 am on Tuesday.
The survey follows a High Court division bench headed by Chief Justice Soumen Sen hearing a petition by R S Sasikumar, a University syndicate member and chairman of the Save University Campaign Committee.
In 1977 the then Chief Minister A K Antony allotted 15 cents of University land for the AKG Study and Research Centre; the District Collector later told the court in an affidavit that the University gave 15 cents more.
The petitioner says the Centre now holds 55 cents; the Thiruvananthapuram Tahsildar said that only the University's land would be measured on Tuesday.
The CPM, whose state committee office functioned at AKG Centre until recently, holds that the court-approved survey covers only land in the University's possession.
Survey time:
10 am, Tuesday
Allotted in 1977:
15 cents
Area claimed by petitioner:
55 cents
Why it matters for exams: Land survey, demarcation by the Revenue Department and High Court writ jurisdiction over public land are recurring governance topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Writ petition Petition under Article 226 — A plea to a High Court to direct the State or an authority to perform a legal duty.
Demarcation Marking land boundaries — Revenue officials measure a property and fix its boundaries on the ground.
Background
Gauhati University was established on 26 January, 1948, and is the oldest public university in Assam. It describes itself as the oldest and the largest university in the entire Northeast, on which other academic institutions of Northeast India built their own beginnings. Krishna Kanta Handique was its founder Vice-Chancellor and Phanidhar Dutta its first Registrar; the first convocation was held on 3 February 1951. At founding in 1948 the university had 18 affiliated colleges and 8 Post-Graduate Departments. Its motto is Vidyaya Sadhayeta, rendered as achievement through learning, and its anthem, Jilikaba Luitare Par, was composed by Bhupen Hazarika. The demand that produced it was old: the first public demand for a university in Assam was made at the annual session of the Assam Association held at Sivasagar in 1917. Dibrugarh University, the easternmost University in India, was established in 1965 consequent upon the provisions of the Dibrugarh University Act, 1965, enacted by the Assam Legislative Assembly.
Gauhati University established:
26 January 1948
Founder Vice-Chancellor:
Krishna Kanta Handique
First convocation:
3 February 1951
At founding:
18 affiliated colleges, 8 Post-Graduate Departments
Dibrugarh University established:
1965, under the Dibrugarh University Act, 1965
Why it matters for exams: Founding years of state universities, the Act that creates them and the superlatives attached to them (oldest in the Northeast, easternmost in India) are exactly the details objective papers pick on.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Convocation — The formal ceremony at which a university confers its degrees.
Affiliated college — A college that teaches to a university's syllabus and whose students take that university's degrees.
6 October 2026
The State-level declaration of 28 selected colleges as Drug Free Campuses is on 6 October at 11 am at Mar Ivanios College auditorium, Thiruvananthapuram.
Excise and Cooperation Minister M Liju will make the declaration.
Health and Devaswom Minister K Muraleedharan will preside and Higher Education Minister Roji M John will give the keynote address.
The Excise Department and the Collegiate Education Department are jointly running the 'Mayangilla Keralam' campaign as part of the government's 100-day programmes.
The aim is to stop drug use and supply on campuses and ensure counselling and treatment for affected students.
Colleges to be declared:
28
Campaign:
Mayangilla Keralam
Venue:
Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram
Why it matters for exams: Campaign names, the departments behind them and the numbers announced are regular Kerala PSC current affairs items.
Kerala PSCUPSC
5 October 2026
The IndiaAI Mission organised an AIKosh University Engagement Programme at the National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem on 5 October 2026.
AIKosh is India's unified data platform and central repository for artificial intelligence resources.
It hosts over 16,000 datasets, more than 350 AI models and more than 200 use cases, along with toolkits and benchmarks.
The platform offers AIKosh MCP (Model Context Protocol) and AIKosh SDK, which let users discover datasets and models through natural language queries.
Over 160 students took part in expert sessions, live demonstrations and hands-on activities.
Shri Md. Y. Safirulla K, Director of the IndiaAI Mission, and Dr KV Krishna Rao, Director of NIT Andhra Pradesh, spoke at the programme.
The IndiaAI Mission was approved by the Government of India in March 2024 and operates under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
Datasets on AIKosh:
over 16,000
AI models:
350+
Use cases:
200+
Students at the programme:
over 160
Mission approved:
March 2024
Why it matters for exams: AIKosh, the IndiaAI Mission and its parent ministry are high-frequency science and technology facts.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
AIKosh India's unified AI data and model repository — A central platform offering datasets, models, toolkits and benchmarks for AI work in India.
MeitY Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology — The Union ministry under which the IndiaAI Mission operates.
5 October 2026
Justice A. Badharudeen of the Kerala High Court heard a writ petition by the Kerala Public Service Commission (WP(Crl.) 1497/2026) on 5 October 2026.
It concerns a PSC exam for the post of Chief (Industry and Infrastructure Division) at the State Planning Board, recruited under a 2022 PSC notification.
The preliminary inquiry found nine questions unevaluated in every one of the 228 answer scripts, and one more question missed in 177 scripts.
The PSC's counsel called it a clerical error caused by a computer-related problem; the Director General of Prosecution called it an innovative fraud.
The court asked why the PSC was not cooperating with the Crime Branch, noting that no member had been accused and members were only summoned as witnesses.
The case was adjourned to 13 October 2026 for the State to file its counter-affidavit.
Answer scripts affected:
228
Unevaluated questions per script:
nine
Next hearing:
13 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: Integrity of PSC recruitment and the court's view of a constitutional body's duty to cooperate with a criminal probe are recurring Kerala PSC themes.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Writ petition Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution — A High Court can issue writs to enforce rights or for any other purpose.
5 October 2026
The Kerala Public Service Commission's extraordinary gazette dated 31/08/2026 carries Cat.No.130/2026 to Cat.No.150/2026, with 07-10-2026 as the last date to apply.
Cat.No.146/2026 to Cat.No.150/2026 are Beat Forest Officer posts in the Forest and Wildlife Department.
Cat.No.139/2026 to Cat.No.142/2026 are Fire & Rescue Officer (Trainee) posts in the Fire and Rescue Services.
Cat.No.143/2026 is Assistant Prison Officer in Prisons and Correctional Services, and Cat.No.138/2026 is Police Constable (Band/Bugler/Drummer) in the Police Band Unit.
Cat.No.130/2026 is Artist in Information and Public Relations, and Cat.No.136/2026 is Conservation Officer in the State Archives Department.
Cat.No.132/2026 is Plumber by transfer in the Kerala Water Authority, while Cat.No.133/2026 and Cat.No.144/2026 are Laboratory Attender and Electrician in the Ground Water Department.
Gazette date:
31/08/2026
Categories:
Cat.No.130/2026 to Cat.No.150/2026
Last date to apply:
07-10-2026
Why it matters for exams: A closing date two days away is directly actionable, and the department behind each category number is itself asked in Kerala PSC papers.
Kerala PSCSSC
In plain words
Beat Forest Officer Beat Forest Officer — The frontline forest post in charge of a beat, the smallest unit of a forest range.
State Archives Department Kerala State Archives Department — The department that keeps Kerala's historical government records and manuscripts.
5 October 2026
The Kerala Public Service Commission's extraordinary gazette dated 30/09/2026 carries Cat.No.151/2026 to Cat.No.161/2026, with 04-11-2026 as the last date to apply.
Cat.No.151/2026 is Draftsman Grade-II in the Kerala Ports service (Hydrographic Survey Wing).
Cat.No.153/2026 and Cat.No.154/2026 are Forest Boat Driver posts in the Forest and Wildlife Department, Part-I by direct recruitment and Part-II by transfer.
Cat.No.155/2026 is Higher Secondary School Teacher - Statistics, a Special Recruitment for Scheduled Tribes only.
Cat.No.156/2026 is Draftsman Grade-II / Town Planning Surveyor Grade-II, a Special Recruitment for SC/ST.
Cat.No.157/2026 and Cat.No.158/2026 are Higher Secondary School Teacher (Jr.) Arabic, NCA vacancies for SC and ST.
Cat.No.159/2026 is Police Constable Driver / Woman Police Constable Driver, an NCA vacancy.
Cat.No.152/2026, Cat.No.160/2026 and Cat.No.161/2026 are Peon/Watchman posts filled from among the part-time employees of KSFE Ltd.
Gazette date:
30/09/2026
Categories:
Cat.No.151/2026 to Cat.No.161/2026
Last date to apply:
04-11-2026
Why it matters for exams: Category numbers, departments and closing dates of live Kerala PSC notifications are directly useful to every Kerala PSC aspirant.
Kerala PSCSSC
In plain words
NCA Noting of Compensatory Appointment vacancy — A vacancy left unfilled from an earlier reserved turn and notified again for that community alone.
KSFE Kerala State Financial Enterprises Limited — A Kerala government company best known for running chitties across the State.
SR Special Recruitment — A recruitment reserved for a particular community to clear a backlog of unfilled reserved posts.
Background
The 10 crore announced for the Khatima school this week is spent by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, and this is how that ministry and its school scheme are built.
A separate Ministry of Tribal Affairs was created after Atal Bihari Vajpayee became Prime Minister in 1999, to work systematically on the overall development of tribal communities.
Its stated purpose covered communities such as the Tharu, Boksa and Jaunsari.
The standard capacity of an Eklavya Model Residential School is 480 students, and at Khatima that is split as 240 boys and 240 girls.
In Uttarakhand such schools run at Khatima, Bajpur, Chakrata and the Kalsi area of Dehradun.
Separate ministry created:
1999
Standard capacity of an Eklavya school:
480 students
Split at Khatima:
240 boys and 240 girls
Why it matters for exams: The 1999 creation of the ministry and the 480-student standard capacity are the two facts asked about this scheme.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
EMRS Eklavya Model Residential School — A residential school of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs for Scheduled Tribe children.
Scheduled Tribe ST — A community listed in the Presidential order under Article 342 of the Constitution.
Nodal ministry — The one ministry made responsible for a subject across the government.
5 October 2026
Union Tribal Affairs Minister Jual Oram announced on 5 October 2026 that the Government of India would spend about 10 crore on the expansion and facilities of the Eklavya Model Residential School at Khatima.
He was speaking at the inauguration of the three-day Uttarakhand Adi Rangotsav at Khatima in Udham Singh Nagar district, alongside Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs and Minority Affairs Kiren Rijiju and Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami.
The tender process for a hostel costing about 4 crore has been completed and construction will begin soon. The school will hold 480 students in all, 240 boys and 240 girls, which is also the standard capacity of an Eklavya Model Residential School.
The Minister noted that the Ministry of Tribal Affairs was created in 1999, and that the Khatima school has a 100 per cent examination pass rate; similar schools run at Bajpur, Chakrata and Kalsi in Uttarakhand.
Artists at the Adi Rangotsav presented the traditions of tribal communities including the Tharu, Boksa, Jaunsari and Raji.
Announced for school expansion:
about 10 crore
Cost of the planned hostel:
about 4 crore
Total student capacity:
480 (240 boys and 240 girls)
District:
Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand
Why it matters for exams: Fixes the standard EMRS capacity of 480 and the 1999 creation of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs with a live announcement.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
EMRS Eklavya Model Residential School — A residential school scheme of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs for Scheduled Tribe children in remote areas.
Adi Rangotsav — A tribal performing-arts festival organised by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
5 October 2026
MY Bharat and its partner organisations held the 'Walk for Nasha Mukt Yuva' on 4 October 2026 at more than 150 locations across the country, with over 1 lakh youth and citizens taking part.
The walk is part of the 'Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat' Abhiyan of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
Participants joined walks of 3 to 5 km along with Nukkad Nataks, slogan writing, heritage walks and other youth-led awareness activities.
Several programmes also administered the Nasha Mukt Yuva Pledge, by which participants committed to staying away from substance abuse.
Dignitaries who took part included 2 Lieutenant Governors, 1 Cabinet Minister, 8 Members of Parliament and 8 Members of Legislative Assemblies.
Participants:
over 1 lakh
Locations:
more than 150
Length of the walks:
3-5 km
Members of Parliament who joined:
8
Why it matters for exams: MY Bharat and the Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat Abhiyan are named in scheme questions, and the figures are clean.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
MY Bharat Mera Yuva Bharat — An autonomous body under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports that is the government's platform for youth volunteering.
Nukkad Natak — A street play performed in a public place to carry a social message.