7 October 2026
The Monetary Policy Committee resolution of October 7, 2026 projects CPI inflation at 5.2 per cent for 2026-27.
The quarterly path is 4.9 per cent in Q2, 6.0 per cent in Q3 and 5.7 per cent in Q4, with Q1 of 2027-28 at 5.6 per cent.
Real GDP growth for 2026-27 is projected at 7.1 per cent.
The quarterly path for growth is 7.2 per cent in Q2, 6.9 per cent in Q3 and 6.8 per cent in Q4, with Q1 of 2027-28 at 7.1 per cent.
Risks to both the growth and the inflation projections are described as evenly balanced.
CPI inflation 2026-27:
5.2 per cent
Real GDP growth 2026-27:
7.1 per cent
Q3 inflation:
6.0 per cent
Q2 growth:
7.2 per cent
Why it matters for exams: Examiners ask for the central bank's own projection of growth and inflation for the current financial year, and the quarterly path is the detail that separates a careful candidate from a vague one.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
CPI Consumer Price Index — The retail price index that the RBI targets under the flexible inflation targeting framework.
GDP Gross Domestic Product — Real GDP is output measured at constant prices, so growth in it excludes price change.
7 October 2026
The Monetary Policy Committee held its 63rd meeting from October 5 to 7, 2026 under the chairmanship of Shri Sanjay Malhotra, Governor, Reserve Bank of India.
The MPC voted unanimously to increase the policy repo rate under the liquidity adjustment facility by 25 bps to 5.50 per cent.
Consequently the standing deposit facility rate stands adjusted at 5.25 per cent, and the marginal standing facility rate and the Bank Rate at 5.75 per cent.
The MPC also decided to change the stance to calibrated tightening.
Two members, Dr. Nagesh Kumar and Prof. Ram Singh, were of the view that the stance be retained at neutral.
The minutes of the meeting are to be published on October 21, 2026, and the next meeting is scheduled for December 2 to 4, 2026.
Policy repo rate:
5.50 per cent
Standing deposit facility rate:
5.25 per cent
MSF rate and Bank Rate:
5.75 per cent
MPC meeting:
63rd
Why it matters for exams: The repo rate and the liquidity adjustment facility corridor are asked in almost every bank and PSC economy paper, and a change of stance is the kind of detail examiners use to date a decision.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSCBank
In plain words
MPC Monetary Policy Committee — The six-member statutory committee that fixes the policy repo rate, chaired by the RBI Governor.
LAF Liquidity Adjustment Facility — The window through which the RBI lends to and absorbs funds from banks on a short-term basis.
SDF Standing Deposit Facility — The floor of the LAF corridor, at which banks park surplus funds with the RBI without collateral.
MSF Marginal Standing Facility — The ceiling of the LAF corridor, at which banks borrow overnight from the RBI against approved securities.
7 October 2026
The Kerala government announced on 7 October 2026 that the 'Tech Keralam' brand, which will coordinate the state's technology sector, is to be launched at Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram.
The IT Park Affiliation Scheme will be launched along with it.
Minister for Information Technology, Artificial Intelligence and Future Technology P. K. Kunhalikutty will inaugurate the event at Travancore Hall, Technopark, at 4 pm on 8 October 2026.
V. Muraleedharan, MLA, will preside over the function.
The Technopark Prefabricated IT Building Project, the exchange of a memorandum of understanding between Technopark and Caspian Tech Parks, the Semicon Keralam Consortium and Maker Hub will also be announced at the event.
IT Department Special Secretary Seeram Sambasiva Rao, Technopark CEO Sachin Kumar Yadav and Infopark and Cyberpark CEO Sushant Kurunthil are among those attending.
Venue:
Travancore Hall, Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram
Inaugurated by:
P. K. Kunhalikutty, Minister for Information Technology
Date and time:
8 October 2026, 4 pm
Why it matters for exams: A new state technology brand, a semiconductor consortium and an IT park affiliation scheme are fresh institutional names an examiner can ask about directly.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Technopark — Kerala's IT park at Thiruvananthapuram, the state's first and oldest technology park.
Semicon Keralam Consortium — A grouping announced along with the Tech Keralam brand to work on the semiconductor sector in the state.
MoU Memorandum of Understanding — A written understanding between two bodies setting out what each will do, short of a binding contract.
7 October 2026
Agriculture Minister T. Siddique said on 7 October 2026 that a Carbon Cell will be formed under the Agriculture Department so that farmers who adopt climate-resilient methods can earn carbon credits.
The proposal was placed before a visiting World Bank mission, which accepted it, and the two sides will work on it in the coming months.
The mission is in Kerala to review progress on the KERA project, a World Bank-funded programme implemented by the Agriculture Department.
KERA will provide ₹2365 crore to Kerala's agriculture sector.
The Minister named coconut development and higher productivity, stronger agricultural marketing, empowering Farmer Producer Organisations and value chains for high-value crops as the priorities.
Smart Krishi Bhavans, full digitalisation of the Agriculture Department and comprehensive development of the Kathir portal were also stressed.
The World Bank mission remains in Kerala until 13 October and will visit KERA project sites.
KERA project outlay for Kerala agriculture:
₹2365 crore
Funding agency:
World Bank
World Bank mission in Kerala until:
13 October 2026
Why it matters for exams: A new institutional mechanism in a state department, a World Bank-funded project and its outlay are exactly the scheme details Kerala PSC and UPSC ask about.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
KERA Kerala Climate Resilient Agri-Value Chain Modernization Project — A World Bank-funded project implemented by the Kerala Agriculture Department, bringing ₹2365 crore to the state's agriculture sector.
Carbon credit — A tradable unit representing greenhouse gas kept out of the atmosphere or stored, which the holder can sell for income.
Krishi Bhavan — The Agriculture Department's office at panchayat level, the point at which farmers deal with the department.
FPO Farmer Producer Organisation — A registered body of farmers that buys inputs and markets produce collectively.
Background
The World Bank's country overview for Bhutan records that 12.4 per cent of the population remained under Bhutan's national poverty threshold in 2022.
The regional spread is wide, from 1.5 per cent in Thimphu to 41.4 per cent in Zhemgang.
Thimphu is Bhutan's capital and Zhemgang is one of its central dzongkhags.
The figure is measured against Bhutan's own national poverty line, not an international one.
National poverty, 2022:
12.4%
Thimphu:
1.5%
Zhemgang:
41.4%
Why it matters for exams: The contrast between a capital city and a remote district is the classic illustration of regional inequality within a small country.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
National poverty line National poverty line — A country's own income or consumption threshold for counting the poor, set separately from international lines.
Background
The World Bank's country overview records that Bhutan graduated from the United Nations' list of Least Developed Countries in December 2023.
Bhutan is now classified as a lower-middle income country, with GDP per capita around $3,718.
The overview describes revenues from hydropower exports to India as central to Bhutan's growth and investment.
Graduation from the LDC category means a country has crossed the UN thresholds on income, human assets and economic vulnerability and gives up the special treatment reserved for LDCs.
LDC graduation:
December 2023
Income class:
lower-middle income
GDP per capita:
around $3,718
Why it matters for exams: The LDC category and which countries have graduated from it is a recurring objective question.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
LDC Least Developed Country — A UN category of low-income countries facing severe structural obstacles to development, which receive special trade and aid treatment.
7 October 2026
The 1,020 MW Punatsangchhu-II hydroelectric project stands on the Punatsangchhu river in Wangdue Phodrang dzongkhag.
It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.
The project cost Rs 37,778 million, met by India as a 30 per cent grant and a 70 per cent loan.
It is a run-of-the-river plant with six units; unit 6 of 170 MW was connected in August 2025 and the other five were commissioned between December 2024 and July 2025.
The six units have supplied more than 1.3 billion units of electricity to Bhutan's grid, earning about Nu 4.9 billion.
The project raises Bhutan's total power generation capacity by nearly 40 per cent.
Capacity:
1,020 MW
River:
Punatsangchhu
Dzongkhag:
Wangdue Phodrang
Cost:
Rs 37,778 million
Units:
6
Capacity increase:
nearly 40 per cent
Why it matters for exams: Punatsangchhu-II is the single largest addition to Bhutan's hydropower capacity and is funded on the grant-plus-loan pattern India uses in Bhutan.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Run-of-the-river Run-of-the-river hydropower — A plant that uses the river's own flow with little or no large storage reservoir.
Dzongkhag Dzongkhag — A district of Bhutan, the country's main unit of local administration.
7 October 2026
The Reserve Bank of India has appointed Sudhakar Malli as Executive Director with effect from 1 October 2026.
He was earlier Chief General Manager-in-Charge of the Department of Supervision.
As Executive Director he will look after the Department of Supervision, in the area of supervisory assessment.
The Reserve Bank describes him as a career central banker with around three decades of experience, with expertise in the supervision of banks, non-banking financial companies and co-operative banks built over more than two and a half decades.
He holds a B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering and is a Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers.
Post:
Executive Director, Reserve Bank of India
Effective from:
October 1, 2026
Earlier post:
Chief General Manager-in-Charge, Department of Supervision
Why it matters for exams: RBI Executive Director appointments and the central bank's supervisory departments are standard banking-exam questions.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
Department of Supervision Department of Supervision, RBI — The RBI department that supervises banks, non-banking financial companies and co-operative banks.
CAIIB Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers — A professional qualification awarded by the Indian Institute of Banking and Finance to bankers.
7 October 2026
The World Bank's country overview for Bhutan reports that real gross domestic product grew rapidly at 8.1 percent in FY24/25.
It projects growth of 7.1 percent for FY25/26 and 6.4 percent for FY26/27.
Headline inflation softened to 2.6 percent in FY24/25 from 4.3 percent in FY23/24.
Bhutan is classified as a lower-middle income country, with GDP per capita around $3,718.
Revenues from hydropower exports to India are described as central to the economy.
Real GDP growth FY24/25:
8.1 percent
Inflation FY24/25:
2.6 percent
GDP per capita:
around $3,718
Income class:
lower-middle income
Why it matters for exams: A multilateral lender's own figures on a neighbour's growth, inflation and income class are frequently asked.
UPSCBank
7 October 2026
Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal called for greater utilisation of the opportunities under the India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement, delivering the keynote address at an outreach event for major exporters in New Delhi that formed part of the 2nd India-EFTA Prosperity Summit 2026.
TEPA entered into force on 1 October 2025, and leaders from all four EFTA States were in New Delhi to mark the first year of the Agreement.
The European Free Trade Association has four members: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
Under the agreement, EFTA commitments cover 92.2 per cent of tariff lines, which account for 99.6 per cent of Indian exports, while India's commitments cover 82.7 per cent of tariff lines, equal to 95.3 per cent of EFTA exports.
Under Article 7.1, the EFTA States shall aim to increase foreign direct investment into India by USD 50 billion within 10 years of the Agreement's entry into force and an additional USD 50 billion in the succeeding five years.
They shall also aim to facilitate the generation of 1 million jobs in India within 15 years. EFTA members together import goods and services worth over half a trillion US dollars a year.
In force since:
1 October 2025
EFTA tariff lines covered:
92.2 per cent
India's tariff lines covered:
82.7 per cent
Investment commitment:
USD 50 billion in 10 years, USD 50 billion more in the next 5 years
Jobs aimed at:
1 million within 15 years
Why it matters for exams: TEPA is the India trade pact that carries a quantified foreign investment commitment, and its membership and percentage coverage are frequently asked.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
TEPA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement — The India-EFTA pact that cuts tariffs and carries a linked foreign investment commitment.
EFTA European Free Trade Association — A four-member grouping of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, separate from the European Union.
Background
The Bank for International Settlements states that its mission is to support central banks' pursuit of monetary and financial stability through international cooperation, and to act as a bank for central banks.
Established in 1930, the BIS is owned by 63 central banks, representing countries from around the world that together account for about 95% of world GDP.
It hosts committees engaged in standard setting and the pursuit of financial stability through what it calls the Basel Process, among them the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
BIS research focuses on policy issues of core interest to the central bank and financial supervisory community.
The Bank has two main buildings in Basel, the Tower headquarters on Centralbahnplatz and the Botta building on Aeschenplatz.
The Tower building is 69.5 metres high and has 24 floors, 20 above ground and four below, and the BIS opened for business there in March 1977.
Established:
1930
Owners:
63 central banks
Share of world GDP:
about 95% of world GDP
Headquarters building:
the Tower on Centralbahnplatz, Basel, 69.5 metres high, 24 floors
Why it matters for exams: The 1930 founding, the 63 owning central banks and the Basel Process are the usual examination points on the Bank for International Settlements.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BIS Bank for International Settlements — The bank for central banks, based in Basel and established in 1930.
Basel Process The Basel Process — The BIS term for the standard setting and financial stability work of the committees it hosts.
Background
Established in 1874, the Universal Postal Union has its headquarters in the Swiss capital Berne and is the second oldest international organization worldwide.
With its 192 member countries, it is the primary forum for cooperation between postal sector players and helps ensure a truly universal network of up-to-date products and services.
Any non-member country of the United Nations may become a UPU member provided its request is approved by at least two-thirds of the member countries of the UPU.
Congress is the supreme authority of the Union and meets every four years.
The Council of Administration ensures the continuity of the UPU's work between Congresses, supervises its activities and studies regulatory, administrative, legislative and legal issues.
The Postal Operations Council is the technical and operational mind of the UPU and consists of 48 member countries, elected during Congress.
Established:
1874
Headquarters:
Berne, Switzerland
Member countries:
192
Congress:
supreme authority, meets every four years
Postal Operations Council:
48 member countries
Why it matters for exams: The founding year, the Berne headquarters, 192 members and the four-yearly Congress are the standard examination points on the Universal Postal Union.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
UPU Universal Postal Union — The forum for cooperation between postal sector players, founded in 1874.
POC Postal Operations Council — The UPU's technical and operational body of 48 member countries.
Background
Kollam, erstwhile Quilon, is a southern district of Kerala located 70 km north of the State capital Thiruvananthapuram.
It is flanked by the Arabian sea on the west, Tamil Nadu on the east, Alapuzha and Pathanamthitta districts on the north and Thiruvananthapuram district on the south.
The head quarters of the district administration is centred at Kollam City, the district's capital.
Administratively the district is composed of two revenue divisions, Kollam and Punalur, with three taluks each under them.
The district profile gives its area as 2491 Sq.Km. and its population as 25,84,118, with annual rainfall of 270 Cms.
The heart land of Kollam is naturally veined by the Ashtamudi lake, a massive multi-branched water body, and the Kollam canal cuts through the city.
Kollam has been the centre of cashew industry in Kerala from the time of the Portuguese in 16th c. and continues to be the largest processed cashew exporter in India.
Neendakara and Thangasseri are the two fishing harbours and ports in Kollam.
District area:
2491 Sq.Km.
District population:
25,84,118
Revenue divisions:
Kollam and Punalur, with three taluks each
Annual rainfall:
270 Cms.
Distance from Thiruvananthapuram:
70 km north of the capital
Why it matters for exams: District-wise administrative structure, area, population and the cashew trade of Kollam recur in Kerala PSC question papers.
Kerala PSC
In plain words
Revenue division Revenue division — A unit between the district and the taluk, headed by a Sub Collector or Revenue Divisional Officer.
Background
The Preamble of the Securities and Exchange Board of India sets out its basic functions as "...to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto".
The Corporation Finance Department deals with issuance and listing of securities, corporate governance and accounting and auditing standards, corporate restructuring through takeovers and buy backs, the Social Stock Exchange and delisting.
The Alternative Investment Fund and Foreign Portfolio Investors Department handles Alternative Investment Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Foreign Venture Capital Investors, Foreign Portfolio Investors, Designated Depository Participants and Custodians.
The Department of Debt and Hybrid Securities is responsible for corporate bonds, listed debt securities, Real Estate Investment Trusts and Infrastructure Investment Trusts.
The Enquiries and Adjudication Department handles quasi-judicial matters and provides hearings in matters within SEBI's disciplinary jurisdiction.
The Integrated Surveillance Department monitors market activity through market systems, data from other departments and analytical software.
Preamble duty:
to protect the interests of investors in securities
Takeovers, buy backs, delisting:
Corporation Finance Department
REITs and InvITs:
Department of Debt and Hybrid Securities
Market activity monitoring:
Integrated Surveillance Department
Why it matters for exams: The wording of SEBI's Preamble and which department handles REITs, InvITs or surveillance are standard banking and economy questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
REIT Real Estate Investment Trust — Handled at SEBI by the Department of Debt and Hybrid Securities.
FPI Foreign Portfolio Investor — Handled by the Alternative Investment Fund and Foreign Portfolio Investors Department.
Background
As per Article 279A(1) of the Constitution, the GST Council had to be constituted by the President within 60 days of the commencement of the Constitution (One Hundred and First) Amendment Act, 2016.
The notification for bringing into force Article 279A with effect from 12th September, 2016 was issued on 10th September, 2016.
The Union Cabinet approved setting up of the GST Council on 12th September, 2016 and also setting up its Secretariat, with its office in New Delhi.
The Secretary (Revenue) is the Ex-officio Secretary to the GST Council, and the Chairperson of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs is a permanent invitee (non-voting) to all its proceedings.
Where any proposal is put to vote, the vote of the Central Government has a weightage of one-third of the total votes cast and the votes of all the State Governments taken together a weightage of two-thirds; the proposal is carried if the total weighted votes in favour are equal to or greater than three-fourths.
The first meeting of the GST Council was held on 22nd and 23rd September, 2016.
Constitutional provision:
Article 279A
Enabling amendment:
Constitution (One Hundred and First) Amendment Act, 2016
Centre's vote weightage:
one-third of the total votes cast
States' vote weightage:
two-thirds of the total votes cast
Threshold to carry a proposal:
three-fourths
First meeting:
22nd and 23rd September, 2016
Why it matters for exams: The weighted voting formula of the GST Council is one of the most frequently asked facts about Indian fiscal federalism.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Ex-officio By virtue of office — The Secretary (Revenue) is Secretary to the GST Council by virtue of holding that post.
CBIC Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs — Its Chairperson is a permanent, non-voting invitee to GST Council proceedings.
Background
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India was established on 1st October, 2016 under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
The Code consolidates and amends the laws relating to reorganization and insolvency resolution of corporate persons, partnership firms and individuals in a time bound manner for maximization of the value of assets of such persons.
The Board's own page calls it a unique regulator, because it regulates a profession as well as processes.
It has regulatory oversight over Insolvency Professionals, Insolvency Professional Agencies, Insolvency Professional Entities and Information Utilities.
It writes and enforces rules for corporate insolvency resolution, corporate liquidation, individual insolvency resolution and individual bankruptcy under the Code.
It has also been designated as the 'Authority' under the Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation Rules), 2017 for regulation and development of the profession of valuers in the country.
Established:
1st October, 2016
Parent law:
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016
Also the 'Authority' under:
Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation Rules), 2017
Why it matters for exams: The date of establishment, the parent Code and the four classes of regulated entities are standard objective questions on India's insolvency framework.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
IBBI Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India — The Board set up under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
IU Information Utility — Information Utilities are one of the four classes of entities under IBBI's regulatory oversight.
7 October 2026
The Central Bank of Sri Lanka's Purchasing Managers' Index for Construction, measured by the Total Activity Index, recorded 59.4 in August 2026.
A reading in that range indicates continued expansion in construction activities, though at a slower rate than in the previous month.
Many survey respondents highlighted an ongoing bitumen shortage, which continued to constrain road construction progress.
The New Orders Index increased further in August, mainly driven by government-funded projects.
The Employment Index and the Quantity of Purchases Index both remained in expansion territory during the month.
Respondents also pointed to persistent shortages of skilled labour and raw materials as key constraints on sectoral growth.
Total Activity Index, August 2026:
59.4
Main constraint cited:
Bitumen shortage
Driver of new orders:
Government-funded projects
Compiled by:
Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Why it matters for exams: Purchasing Managers' Index readings are a standard indicator question, and Sri Lanka's economy is a recurring theme in current affairs papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
PMI Purchasing Managers' Index — A diffusion index built from a survey of firms; above 50 points to expansion and below 50 to contraction.
Bitumen Bitumen — A heavy petroleum product used as the binder in road surfacing.
Background
The District Mineral Foundation is a trust mechanism that directs a share of mining revenues to community welfare.
Its legal basis is an amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.
The DMF Trust in Goa was created in 2016.
Goa operates two District Mineral Foundation trusts: the North Goa DMF Trust, covering mining-affected areas including Bicholim and Sattari talukas, and the Kushavati DMF Trust, covering Quepem, Sanguem and Dharbandora talukas.
Funds are collected from mining leaseholders, who contribute a fixed percentage of their royalty payments.
The trusts work under the Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Goa, following Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana guidelines.
Legal basis:
amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
Created in Goa:
2016
Trusts:
North Goa DMF Trust and Kushavati DMF Trust
Why it matters for exams: The MMDR Act amendment, DMFs and the PMKKKY are a standard set, and Goa shows how the trusts are drawn on district lines.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
PMKKKY Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana — The central scheme that lays down how District Mineral Foundation funds are to be spent.
MMDR Act Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 — The central law governing mineral concessions and mining royalties in India.
Background
The India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA) was signed in 1998 and entered into force in March 2000.
Under it, 4,150 Indian tariff lines carry zero duty for Sri Lankan goods, and 3,932 tariff lines receive reciprocal treatment.
Special quotas apply for tea, textiles and garments with preferential margins.
More than 60% of Sri Lankan exports to India use ISFTA provisions, while only about 5% of Indian exports to Sri Lanka use these benefits.
Signed:
1998
Entered into force:
March 2000
Indian tariff lines at zero duty:
4,150
Reciprocal tariff lines:
3,932
Share of Sri Lankan exports to India using ISFTA:
More than 60%
Why it matters for exams: ISFTA is the agreement behind India-Sri Lanka trade, and its tariff-line concessions and year of entry into force are repeatedly asked.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ISFTA India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement — The bilateral trade agreement in force since March 2000.
Tariff line A single product heading in a customs tariff schedule — Concessions in a trade agreement are counted in tariff lines.
7 October 2026
Chief Minister V D Satheesan said in a Facebook post that Kerala has reached an understanding with NTPC after talks in New Delhi.
Kerala will get up to 300 MW from NTPC's Sinnar project in Maharashtra at ₹5.18 per unit.
A battery energy storage system of 2,000 MWh is planned at Kayamkulam, where NTPC already has a plant site.
Storage of 160 MWh in all is to come up at Pothencode and Sreekandapuram, to be finished by March 2027.
A 27 MW solar project is also planned at Kayamkulam.
KSEB, NTPC and NTPC Green Energy Limited are to sign a memorandum of understanding for the Kayamkulam project, and a long-term power purchase agreement from the Ramagundam plant is under discussion.
Power from Sinnar project:
up to 300 MW
Rate:
₹5.18 per unit
Battery storage at Kayamkulam:
2,000 MWh
Storage at Pothencode and Sreekandapuram:
160 MWh, by March 2027
Solar project at Kayamkulam:
27 MW
Why it matters for exams: Power purchase rates, storage capacity and the agencies involved are standard Kerala economy and infrastructure questions.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BESS Battery Energy Storage System — A bank of batteries that stores electricity when it is cheap or surplus and releases it when demand peaks.
PPA Power Purchase Agreement — A long-term contract fixing how much power a utility buys from a generator and at what rate.