1 October 2026
Bangladesh Bank data show that remittances in the July-September quarter of the 2026-27 fiscal year were 8.59 billion dollars, 13.3 per cent higher than 7.59 billion dollars in the same quarter a year earlier.
September 2026 brought in 2.77 billion dollars, a 3 per cent rise over September 2025 but the lowest monthly figure in eleven months.
Monthly inflows were 2.82 billion dollars in June 2026, 2.86 billion dollars in July and 2.97 billion dollars in August.
Remittances in the 2025-26 fiscal year totalled 35.59 billion dollars, against 30.33 billion dollars the previous year.
The highest single month on record was March 2026 with 3.75 billion dollars.
Quarterly remittances:
8.59 billion dollars
Growth over a year earlier:
13.3 per cent
September 2026:
2.77 billion dollars
Fiscal 2025-26 total:
35.59 billion dollars
Record month:
March 2026, 3.75 billion dollars
Why it matters for exams: Remittance inflows are a recurring balance-of-payments question and Bangladesh is among the largest recipients in South Asia.
UPSCBank
In plain words
Remittance Remittance — Money sent home by citizens working abroad, counted in the current account of the balance of payments.
Fiscal year Financial year — Bangladesh's fiscal year runs from 1 July to 30 June, so 2026-27 began in July 2026.
1 October 2026
The Kerala State Electricity Board has begun receiving 600 MW of power from Himachal Pradesh, helping the State avoid power cuts. Under the agreement HPSEB will supply 600 MW during peak hours from October 1, 2026 to May 31, 2027 at Rs 14.5 per unit; an earlier offer of 210 MW of round-the-clock power at Rs 10 per unit was turned down because surplus power was available during the daytime and the power exchange was cheaper. With the additional supply, Kerala's available peak-hour power has increased to around 4,795 MW, while average consumption in the State ranges between 4,500 MW and 5,000 MW. On September 30 the State recorded a peak demand of 5,459 MW and a shortage of 900 MW, and night-time power restrictions were imposed. Hydroelectric generation was around 19.23 MU as storage in the dams fell to 61.29%, against 78.92% at the same point a year earlier. KSEB is also looking to commission five Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) projects, the 15 MW Mulleria project being scheduled first, with projects at Mylatty (125 MW), Sreekandapuram (40 MW), Areecode (30 MW) and Pothencode (40 MW) expected by the end of the year.
Quantum from Himachal Pradesh:
600 MW during peak hours
Tariff:
Rs 14.5 per unit
Supply period under the agreement:
October 1, 2026 to May 31, 2027
Available peak-hour power:
around 4,795 MW
Peak demand on September 30, 2026:
5,459 MW
Why it matters for exams: Inter-State power purchase, peak-hour tariffs and battery storage are the three current-affairs handles an examiner can attach to Kerala's dependence on imported power.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
HPSEB Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board — The State electricity utility of Himachal Pradesh, which is selling the peak-hour power.
BESS Battery Energy Storage System — Large batteries that store power when demand is low and release it at peak hours.
MU Million units — A unit of electricity generation equal to one million kilowatt-hours.
1 October 2026
The International Labour Organization said in a preliminary assessment that Nepal's flash floods have severely disrupted employment and livelihoods. The catastrophic flooding in late August was triggered by a glacier collapse on the border with China. More than 1,450 people were killed and 5,786 are still missing, according to the authorities. The ILO estimates some 21,400 employed people live within four kilometres of the flood footprint. Two overland routes with China, Rasuwa and Tatopani, accounted for some 22 per cent of Nepal's imports from China over the past year.
Killed:
more than 1,450
Missing:
5,786
Employed people near flood footprint:
some 21,400
Imports from China via Rasuwa and Tatopani:
some 22 per cent
Why it matters for exams: Disasters and the economy: glacier-collapse floods and their effect on jobs and trade.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ILO International Labour Organization — The UN agency that sets labour standards and tracks work and livelihoods.
1 October 2026
The Reserve Bank of India issued Amendment Directions on a simplified approval process for subsequent acquisitions of major shareholding in a banking company by mutual funds, insurance companies and pension funds.
The draft was issued on 14 July 2026, with comments invited by 4 August 2026.
Four sets of directions were issued, for Commercial Banks, Small Finance Banks, Payments Banks and Local Area Banks, and they take immediate effect.
Draft issued:
14 July 2026
Comments due:
4 August 2026
Categories of banks covered:
4
Effect:
Immediate
Why it matters for exams: RBI regulatory changes affecting banks are routine banking-awareness questions.
UPSCBank
In plain words
Amendment Directions RBI Amendment Directions — Formal regulatory instruments by which RBI changes its existing directions to banks.
1 October 2026
The Reserve Bank of India released the indicative calendar for State Government and Union Territory market borrowings for October-December 2026.
Total borrowing in the quarter is expected to be ₹3,60,820 crore.
The Benchmark Issuance Strategy (BIS) is extended from Q3 FY 2026-27 to Assam, Goa, Haryana, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Actual amounts depend on State requirements, Government of India approval under Article 293(3) of the Constitution and market conditions.
Expected State/UT borrowing, Oct-Dec 2026:
₹3,60,820 crore
New BIS entrants from Q3:
6 States + 1 UT
Approval required under:
Article 293(3)
Why it matters for exams: State borrowing, Article 293 and RBI's debt-management role are standard economy and polity topics.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
BIS Benchmark Issuance Strategy — An RBI framework in which participating States issue securities of benchmark sizes on an announced calendar.
1 October 2026
The Information and Public Relations Department announced on 1 October 2026 that a gathering of fisherwomen entrepreneurs and the inauguration of electric scooter distribution under the state-level 'She Scooter' scheme will be held on 5 October at 10 am. The venue is the Vellayambalam Jimmy George Indoor Stadium in Thiruvananthapuram. Chief Minister V D Satheesan will inaugurate it. The programme is part of the government's hundred-day action plan. Fisheries Minister V E Abdul Gafoor will preside, and Transport Minister C P John will distribute financial assistance to enterprises.
Launch date:
5 October 2026, 10 am
Venue:
Vellayambalam Jimmy George Indoor Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram
Vehicles:
Electric scooters
Why it matters for exams: New schemes launched under the Satheesan government's hundred-day action plan are likely Kerala PSC current-affairs questions.
Kerala PSC
In plain words
Hundred-day action plan Government's first-100-days programme — A set of time-bound projects a new government commits to complete in its first hundred days.
1 October 2026
The International Labour Organization released a preliminary assessment of the late-August flash floods in northern Nepal on Thursday.
The flooding was triggered by a glacier collapse on the border with China; authorities say more than 1,450 people were killed and 5,786 are still missing.
Some 21,400 employed people live within four kilometres of the flood footprint.
The Rasuwa and Tatopani routes accounted for some 22 per cent of Nepal's imports from China over the past year, and Rasuwa handled nearly half of exports to China.
The ILO warns that informal, daily-wage and self-employed workers are at heightened risk.
Killed (authorities):
more than 1,450
Still missing:
5,786
Workers near flood footprint:
some 21,400
Imports from China via Rasuwa and Tatopani:
some 22 per cent
Why it matters for exams: Himalayan glacier hazards, UN agency reports and Nepal-China trade routes are recurring themes in geography and current-affairs papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ILO International Labour Organization — A UN agency that sets labour standards and studies employment.
Informal employment — Work without a formal contract, steady wages or social protection.
1 October 2026
The International Labour Organization (ILO) released a preliminary assessment on 1 October 2026 of the late-August flash floods in northern Nepal.
The floods, triggered by a glacier collapse on the border with China, killed more than 1,450 people and 5,786 are still missing, according to the authorities.
The ILO estimated that some 21,400 employed people live within four kilometres of the flood footprint; tourism, agriculture, transport and small-business workers are under particular pressure.
Two overland routes, Rasuwa and Tatopani, accounted for some 22 per cent of Nepal's imports from China over the past year; Rasuwa handles nearly half of exports to China.
The ILO warned informal and daily-wage workers face the greatest risk, and that severe household income losses could raise child labour.
Killed:
more than 1,450
Still missing:
5,786
Workers within 4 km of flood footprint:
some 21,400
Why it matters for exams: Glacial-lake and glacier hazards in the Himalaya and the ILO's role are recurring geography and organisations topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
ILO International Labour Organization — The UN agency for labour standards and employment, headquartered in Geneva.
1 October 2026
The Reserve Bank of India released the indicative calendar of market borrowings by State Governments and Union Territories for the quarter October–December 2026.
Total borrowing for the quarter is expected to be ₹3,60,820 crore.
The Benchmark Issuance Strategy began as a pilot in Q1 of FY 2026-27 with nine States, including Keralam, and widened to nine more States and one Union Territory from Q2.
From Q3 it extends to Assam, Goa, Haryana, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Actual amounts depend on State requirements, approval of the Government of India under Article 293(3) of the Constitution and market conditions.
Expected State/UT borrowing, Oct–Dec 2026:
₹3,60,820 crore
Pilot start:
Q1 FY 2026-27, nine States
New entrants from Q3:
Six States and one UT
Why it matters for exams: State borrowing rules and the RBI's role as debt manager for States are staple economy and Kerala fiscal topics.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
BIS Benchmark Issuance Strategy — An RBI framework in which participating States borrow on a pre-announced calendar in benchmark securities.
1 October 2026
On 1 October 2026 the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia released preliminary annual results of GDP for 2025.
GDP in 2025 amounted to RSD 10 558 438 million at current prices; it rose by 8,1% in nominal terms and by 2,1% in real terms.
By production, manufacturing had the largest share at 12.2%, ahead of wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles (9.9%) and information and communication (8.8%).
By use, individual consumption of households was 60.4% of GDP, gross fixed capital formation 22.8%, exports of goods and services 53.6% and imports 57.8%.
In real terms, exports of goods and services grew by 5.7% and imports by 7.8%.
GDP in 2025, current prices:
RSD 10 558 438 million
Growth in nominal terms:
8,1%
Growth in real terms:
2,1%
Largest share by production:
Manufacturing, 12.2%
Why it matters for exams: National accounts figures such as GDP growth, and the difference between nominal and real terms, are regular economy questions.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSCBank
In plain words
Real terms Adjusted for price changes — Real growth removes the effect of price changes, while nominal growth does not.
RSD Serbian dinar — The currency in which the release states GDP at current prices.
1 October 2026
The Jammu and Kashmir government has notified the J&K Electric Vehicle Policy-2026 after approval by the Council of Ministers chaired by Chief Minister Omar Abdullah.
Covering 2026-32 across all 20 districts, the policy targets 1.4 lakh electric vehicles by 2032.
It envisages 900 public charging sites, including 140 fast-charging hubs, and EV-readiness for 20 per cent of parking capacity under building bylaws.
A Specialised Winter Validation Protocol will test EVs for snow and sub-zero conditions.
Incentives include 3-5 per cent interest subvention on EV loans for up to 36 months and Rs 50 crore a year for scrappage-linked incentives.
Policy period:
2026-32
EV target by 2032:
1.4 lakh
Public charging sites:
900
Fast-charging hubs:
140
Annual scrappage-linked provision:
Rs 50 crore
Why it matters for exams: State EV policies, with their targets and charging-network figures, are regular current-affairs and environment questions.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Interest subvention — Government support that reduces the interest a borrower pays on a loan.
Scrappage incentive — A benefit given for retiring an old vehicle and replacing it with a cleaner one.
1 October 2026
In Orris Infrastructure Private Limited v. Rakesh Kumar Gupta, the Supreme Court held that the admission of a Section 9 application under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code can be recalled if it was induced by fraud or collusion.
The Court added that recalling the admission does not automatically end the corporate insolvency resolution process.
The bench of Justices P.S. Narasimha and Alok Aradhe said the initiating creditor is only the triggering creditor and not the proprietor of the process.
Once admitted, the process works in rem, that is for all creditors and stakeholders together, and can continue even without the original applicant.
The Court remanded the matter to the National Company Law Tribunal, which must consult the resolution professional, the committee of creditors and stakeholders including homebuyers before deciding whether the process should go on.
The Court also said proceedings under Section 65 may be considered against the party that initiated the process fraudulently.
The judgment was delivered on 30 September 2026.
Case:
Orris Infrastructure Private Limited v. Rakesh Kumar Gupta
Date of judgment:
30 September 2026
Bench:
Justices P.S. Narasimha and Alok Aradhe
Why it matters for exams: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code and the powers of the NCLT are frequently asked in economy and polity papers.
UPSCBank
In plain words
CIRP Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process — The process under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code in which a defaulting company is run by a resolution professional while creditors consider a resolution plan.
NCLT National Company Law Tribunal — The adjudicating authority for company law and insolvency matters in India.
In rem Against the thing — A proceeding that affects everyone with an interest in the property or company, not just the two parties before the court.
1 October 2026
The Reserve Bank of India has released the indicative calendar of market borrowings by State Governments and Union Territories for October-December 2026.
The indicative total for the quarter is ₹3,60,820 crore.
The calendar was prepared in consultation with each State Government and Union Territory.
The Benchmark Issuance Strategy, piloted with nine states in the first quarter of 2026-27 and extended to nine more states and Delhi in the second quarter, has now been extended to Assam, Goa, Haryana, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir from the third quarter.
Twenty-five States and two Union Territories now take part in the strategy, and separate annexes give the calendar for participating and non-participating entities.
The Reserve Bank said actual borrowing will depend on each State's requirement, approval from the Government of India and market conditions.
Indicative borrowing:
₹3,60,820 crore
Quarter:
October - December 2026
States/UTs under BIS:
25 States and 2 Union Territories
Why it matters for exams: State Development Loans, the RBI's role as debt manager to the states and quarterly borrowing calendars are standard economy questions.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
BIS Benchmark Issuance Strategy — A method under which states issue securities of fixed benchmark tenors so that the papers are more liquid and comparable.
1 October 2026
Public Works Minister P. K. Basheer inaugurated the Thuvvakkad bridge in Edavanna panchayat, Malappuram district, on October 1, 2026. The bridge was built at a cost of ₹5.6 crore, is 9 metres wide and carries footpaths on both sides. Landowners along the alignment gave up land voluntarily for the approach roads, which the Minister acknowledged at the function. He said the bridge gives permanent relief to residents who had faced difficulty in crossing. The Minister also said a bridge is being built at Aryanthodika at a cost of ₹31.43 crore, with tender steps beginning this month, the tender to be opened in November and construction expected to start in the first week of December, and that a further bridge across the Chaliyar is planned in Edavanna panchayat.
Cost of the bridge:
₹5.6 crore
Width:
9 metres
Sanction for Ariyantholika bridge:
₹31.43 crore
Why it matters for exams: Named public works with their cost and the minister in charge are the kind of State-infrastructure detail Kerala PSC current-affairs papers test.
Kerala PSC
In plain words
PWD Public Works Department — The State department that builds and maintains roads, bridges and government buildings.
1 October 2026
Eurostat's release of 1 October 2026 puts Austria's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate at 6.7 per cent in August 2026, up from 6.2 per cent in July 2026 and 6.0 per cent in August 2025.
The number of unemployed persons in Austria rose to 319 thousand in August 2026, from 295 thousand in July.
The euro area rate was 6.4 per cent in August 2026, stable compared with July and up from 6.3 per cent a year earlier, so Austria now stands above the euro area average.
The European Union rate was 6.1 per cent, also stable on the month.
Eurostat estimates that 13.600 million persons in the European Union, of whom 11.357 million in the euro area, were unemployed in August 2026.
Youth unemployment was 15.4 per cent in the European Union and 15.0 per cent in the euro area.
The figures use the International Labour Organisation definition, which counts as unemployed those without a job who have actively sought work in the last four weeks and can start within two weeks.
Austria, unemployment rate:
6.7% (August 2026)
Austria, July 2026:
6.2%
Unemployed persons in Austria:
319 thousand
Euro area rate:
6.4%
European Union rate:
6.1%
Why it matters for exams: The ILO definition of unemployment and a country's position against the euro area average are the two things examiners test with these monthly releases.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
ILO International Labour Organisation — The United Nations agency whose definition of unemployment Eurostat uses.
Seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted — Figures corrected for the regular swings of the calendar, so that months can be compared.
1 October 2026
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India celebrated its tenth Annual Day at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.
Minister of State for Corporate Affairs Harsh Malhotra inaugurated the event.
The Board was established on 1 October 2016 under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
The Code has been amended seven times in its ten years, most recently through the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2026.
More than 4,400 insolvency professionals and more than 6,000 registered valuers are now part of the ecosystem.
A publication titled 'Shaping the Next Decade of IBC: The Road Ahead' was released at the event.
Winners of the seventh National Online Quiz on the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code were also recognised.
Established:
1 October 2016
Insolvency professionals registered:
Over 4,400
Registered valuers:
More than 6,000
Amendments to the Code:
Seven sets in ten years
Publication released:
Shaping the Next Decade of IBC: The Road Ahead
Why it matters for exams: The founding date of the IBBI, its parent Code and the number of amendments are direct one-line questions in banking and economy papers.
Kerala PSCUPSCBank
In plain words
IBBI Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India — The regulator of insolvency professionals, agencies and information utilities under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code.
IBC Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 — The law that consolidated India's insolvency rules into a single time-bound resolution process.
Registered valuer Registered valuer — A professional registered with the IBBI to value assets in insolvency and company-law proceedings.
1 October 2026
West Bengal's Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department has taken up 3,081 roads for repair at a cost of Rs 1,000 crore. Minister Agnimitra Paul said the work is to be completed by 10 October 2026, ahead of Durga Puja. The roads lie across municipalities, municipal corporations and development authorities in the state. Contractors will be held liable for defects for five years. The drive follows a directive from Chief Minister Suvendu Adhikari.
Roads taken up:
3,081
Cost:
Rs 1,000 crore
Deadline:
10 October 2026
Defect liability:
Five years
Why it matters for exams: Questions that combine a state department's name with an outlay and a deadline are common in state civil service papers.
Kerala PSCUPSC
In plain words
Defect liability period Defect liability period — The period after completion during which a contractor must repair faults in the work at its own cost.
Development authority Urban development authority — A statutory agency that plans and builds infrastructure for a defined urban area.
Background
The Managing Director of the Kerala Medical Services Corporation Limited is one of the four members of the panel the State has set up to draft a law on private hospital treatment costs, which makes the corporation itself worth knowing.
KMSCL was incorporated on 28 December 2007 and works under the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Kerala.
It is the central procurement agency for essential drugs and medical equipment for the State's public health institutions.
It procures drugs worth more than Rs 600 crores and supplies above 400 different types of medical equipment.
It serves over 1,300 public healthcare institutions in the State.
It runs the Karunya Community Pharmacies, which sell medicines at subsidised rates, and the KANIV 108 Ambulance Project for emergency medical and trauma care.
It is a fully government-owned company under the Companies Act, with divisions for essential drugs, equipment services, quality control and supply chain management.
Incorporated:
28 December 2007
Drug procurement:
more than Rs 600 crores
Institutions served:
over 1,300
Why it matters for exams: The year a State corporation was incorporated, its parent department and the schemes it runs are standard Kerala PSC institution questions.
Kerala PSC
In plain words
KMSCL Kerala Medical Services Corporation Limited — Kerala's central agency for buying drugs and medical equipment for public health institutions.
1 October 2026
The transfer of the Mangaluru railway area from the Palakkad division of Southern Railway to the Mysuru division of South Western Railway took effect on 1 October 2026.
The Railway Board issued the notification on 21 August 2026, and operational control shifted to Mysuru on 30 September.
The new zonal boundary is at km 872.900 on the Shoranur Junction-Mangaluru Central section, and the jurisdiction transferred extends up to and including Ullal in Dakshina Kannada district.
Mangaluru Central, Mangaluru Junction, the goods shed and the marshalling yard move to the Mysuru division.
The interchange between the two zones has been shifted from Padil to Ullal, and Thokur is now the interchange between the Konkan Railway and the Mysuru division.
After the change, Palakkad division's limit on that line is around Ullal, about 35 km from Kasaragod on the Kerala side of the Netravathi river; the division had earlier lost the Coimbatore section to the newly created Salem division in 2007.
Chief Minister V D Satheesan urged the Centre to reconsider the decision, saying the transferred area accounts for more than 90 per cent of the Palakkad division's freight revenue, estimated at around Rs 650 crore, and more than half of its total revenue of about Rs 1,650 crore.
Effective date:
1 October 2026
New zonal boundary:
km 872.900, Shoranur Junction-Mangaluru Central section
Palakkad division total revenue:
about Rs 1,650 crore
Why it matters for exams: Railway zones and divisions are repeat map-and-institution questions, and this change redraws a boundary that runs through Kerala.
Kerala PSCUPSCSSC
In plain words
Marshalling yard Marshalling yard — A railway yard where goods wagons are sorted and made up into trains.
Background
Japan and India concluded a separate peace treaty on 28 April 1952, marking the beginning of diplomatic relations.
The two countries have shared a Special Strategic and Global Partnership since 2014.
During the Indian Prime Minister's visit to Japan on 29-30 August 2025, they adopted the Joint Vision for the Next Decade.
They also agreed to facilitate 10 trillion yen of Japanese private investment in India over the next decade.
Peace treaty and start of diplomatic relations:
28 April 1952
Special Strategic and Global Partnership since:
2014
Joint Vision for the Next Decade adopted:
29-30 August 2025
Japanese private investment to be facilitated (trillion yen):
10
Why it matters for exams: Dates of establishing relations and the level of partnership are the standard questions on a country's ties with India.
Kerala PSCUPSC